Point-of-Care Ultrasound in Critically Ill Patients
Fig. 19.1 The denser the material is the more it reflects the sonographic waves. Fluid (like blood) transmits ultrasound waves and have minimum waves reflected back. This yields a black…
Emergencies in Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery
Epistaxis Systemic causes Vascular disorders (hypertension, Rendu-Osler-Weber disease) Congenital or acquired heart diseases Diabetes Liver failure Kidney diseases Viral and bacterial infectious diseases Antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies Vitamin deficiencies (vit….
Percutaneous Techniques for Management of Intra-abdominal Abscesses
Fig. 21.1 Post-duodenocefalopancreasectomy collection 21.3 Percutaneous Treatment The first studies on the percutaneous abscess drainage have been published around 30 years ago as an alternative to the more invasive surgical…
Anorectal Emergencies
Fig. 8.1 A chronic anal fissure 8.4 Acute Hemorrhoidal Disease Hemorrhoids are not masses of dilated venules. The anal cushions are composed of blood vessels, smooth muscle (Treitz’s muscle), and…
Obstetrics-Gynecology Emergencies
Fig. 13.1 Acute abdominal pain differential diagnosis for female individual in the emergency setting Diagnosis of an OB/GYN emergency can take place in a hospital or other urgent care facility….
Emergency Management of Caustic Injuries
Fig. 26.1 Findings by computed tomography (CT). (a, b) Absence of transmural necrosis of the esophagus (a) and of the stomach (b). Post-contrast enhancement of the esophagus and the stomach…
Hemothorax, Pneumothorax, and Chest Empyema
Figure 7.1 Pulmonary bullae Spontaneous nontraumatic pneumothorax is a clinical entity, usually associated with underlying pulmonary pathology (Table. 7.1). Primary spontaneous pneumothorax is due to rupture of pulmonary bullae (Fig….
Interventional Radiology for Nontraumatic Acute Thoraco-Abdominal Bleeding
Fig. 20.1 Massive hemoptysis (a) CT Scan shows a bronchial artery of 2.3 mm in diameter (arrow). (b) Angiogram of the pathologic bronchial arteries in a chronic inflammatory disease. (c)…
Critical Care in Acute Care Surgery
Sign Pathophysiology Hypotension Low vasomotor tone or decreased cardiac output reduce mean arterial pressure Oliguria/anuria Decreased renal arterial blood flow Depressed mental status Decreased cerebral arterial blood flow Metabolic/lactic acidosis…
Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
Surgical site infections Incisional Superficial Deep Non-necrotizing SSTIs Superficial infections (Impetigo, erysipelas, cellulitis) Simple abscess, boils, and carbuncles Complex abscesses Necrotizing SSTIs (NSTIs) Necrotizing cellulitis Necrotizing fasciitis Fournier’s gangrene Necrotizing…
