FIGURE 94.1 Initiation, progression, and complication of human coronary atherosclerotic plaque. Coronary artery spasm, which is a sudden, intense vasoconstriction of an epicardial coronary artery causing vessel occlusion or near…
where Hb is hemoglobin concentration (g/dL), SaO2 is arterial Hb–O2 saturation, and PaO2 is arterial oxygen tension. The second term of Equation (1) represents the dissolved oxygen proportion, which under…
The endothelium is a specialized organ that plays a central role in the regulation of clot formation (i.e., hemostasis) by presenting a nonthrombogenic surface to flowing blood and by enhancing…
TABLE 140.2 Commonly Used Drugs that Affect Thyroid Function THYROTOXICOSIS Clinical Presentation In the ICU, patients with thyrotoxicosis may have an atypical presentation, with tachyarrhythmias or central nervous system disturbance…
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MODS usually occurs in patients who exhibit signs of a generalized inflammatory response (systemic inflammatory response syndrome [SIRS]; Table 52.2) (1). Although SIRS is often the result of infection…
Preeclampsia is defined by the maternal manifestations of hypertension and proteinuria occurring in the second half of pregnancy. The presentation and diagnostic features of preeclampsia are reviewed in Tables 78.2…
FIGURE 14.1 Named branches of the tracheobronchial tree, viewed from the front. (From Nunn JF. Applied Respiratory Physiology. 3rd ed. London: Butterworths; 1987, with permission.) The primary lobular terminal respiratory…
The pH, defined by Sorenson, is the negative log of the concentration of H+. Therefore, in neutral solution, the pH is 7. This is a very small concentration of [H+],…
CLINICAL EXAMINATION The neurologic coma examination, admittedly limited, is still able to offer several localizing clues. The examination includes an assessment of mental status as described earlier, brainstem reflex testing,…
TREATMENT Transfusion Decision-Making Transfusion based on sound physiologic principles and an understanding of relative risks and benefits should give maximal benefit to the patient, with efficient use of a valuable…
