FIGURE 13.1 Possible causes of acute heart failure, indicated by the anatomic region involved. RV = right ventricle, LV = left ventricle. Progressive Heart Failure The changes in cardiac performance that…

Dosing by Body Weight Aminoglycoside dosing is based on ideal body weight (see Appendix 2 for charts of ideal body weights). For obese patients, dosing should be based on an…

Amino Acid Solutions Protein is provided as amino acid solutions that contain varying mixtures of essential (N=9), semi-essential (N=4), and nonessential (N=10) amino acids. These solutions are mixed with dextrose…

The Carbon Age 2008 One of the rare sights in any ICU is a patient who is NOT receiving supplemental oxygen to breathe. Oxygen is used liberally in ICU patients,…

FIGURE 15.1 Flow diagram for the evaluation of tachycardias. Irregular Rhythm If the R-R intervals are not uniform in length (indicating an irregular rhythm), the most likely arrhythmias are multifocal atrial…

FIGURE 16.1 Illustration showing the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndromes. Rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque leads to activation of platelets and clotting factors (upper panel), and results in the formation of…

FIGURE 28.1 Portable chest x-ray showing proper position of an endotracheal tube, with the tip located midway between the thoracic inlet and the carina. Migration of Tubes Endotracheal tubes can migrate…

FIGURE 54.1 Prescription drug use in the United States in 2007–2010, by age group. Data from Health United States, 2012. DHHS Publication No. 2013-1232, May, 2013. Toxic Mechanism The toxicity of…

Influence of Plasma Volume The problem with the hematocrit and Hb concentration as measures of O2 carrying capacity is the influence of plasma volume on these variables. This is demonstrated…

1754 Calcium and phosphorus are responsible for much of the structural integrity of the bony skeleton. Although neither is found in abundance in the soft tissues, both have an important…