FIGURE 150.1 Wretland timeline of critical care and nutrition. AA, amino acids; LCT, long-chain triglyceride; PN, parenteral nutrition; TPN, total parenteral nutrition; MCT, medium-chain triglyceride; GLN-ALA, glutamine–alanine; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty…
Determine the Genus and Species Determine the family and/or genus and species of snake if at all possible. The majority of victims know not only that they were in proximity…
TABLE 68.1B Staging and Management of Accidental Hypothermia TABLE 68.2 Causes of Hypothermia Clinical Syndromes Cardiovascular A sympathetic response increases myocardial oxygen consumption and causes tachycardia and peripheral vasoconstriction—that is,…
EPIDEMIOLOGY In a recent systematic review of 312 studies including 49 million patients, the syndrome of AKI (according to KDIGO definition) was found to affect 1 in 5 adults and…
Acetaminophen Poisoning Acetaminophen is estimated to be responsible for 51% of all cases of acute liver failure in the United States (6). Acetaminophen ingestions require ICU admission when hepatotoxicity is…
FIGURE 126.1 General approach to lower gastrointestinal bleeding. GI, gastrointestinal; CVP, central venous pressure; BP, blood pressure; ECG, electrocardiogram; Pt, patient; CAD, coronary artery disease; Hb, hemoglobin; PT, prothrombin time;…
The rib cage undergoes structural changes during pregnancy (18). Progressive relaxation of the ligamentous attachments of the ribs causes the subcostal angle of the rib cage to increase early in…
Nitrous oxide equilibration with the vessel-rich group occurs within 5 to 15 minutes from the beginning of induction. The muscle group equilibrates within approximately 1 hour, and the vessel-poor group…
FIGURE 125.1 Peptic ulcer disease. Endoscopic view of a gastric ulcer with a visible vessel (arrow) before (A) and after (B) endoscopic intervention with gold probe cautery. FIGURE 125.2 Severe…
Emergence of CA-MRSA with cases of rapidly progressive necrotizing pneumonia, often in previously healthy adults and children, is a new challenge for proper empiric antibiotic choices (24). The further introduction…
