Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
FIGURE 125.1 Peptic ulcer disease. Endoscopic view of a gastric ulcer with a visible vessel (arrow) before (A) and after (B) endoscopic intervention with gold probe cautery. FIGURE 125.2 Severe…
2 Respiratory Infections
Emergence of CA-MRSA with cases of rapidly progressive necrotizing pneumonia, often in previously healthy adults and children, is a new challenge for proper empiric antibiotic choices (24). The further introduction…
Chest Pain and Acute Coronary Syndrome: Non–ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome and ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
FIGURE 94.1 Initiation, progression, and complication of human coronary atherosclerotic plaque. Coronary artery spasm, which is a sudden, intense vasoconstriction of an epicardial coronary artery causing vessel occlusion or near…
Hyperbaric Oxygen and Critical Care
where Hb is hemoglobin concentration (g/dL), SaO2 is arterial Hb–O2 saturation, and PaO2 is arterial oxygen tension. The second term of Equation (1) represents the dissolved oxygen proportion, which under…
Coagulation Issues
The endothelium is a specialized organ that plays a central role in the regulation of clot formation (i.e., hemostasis) by presenting a nonthrombogenic surface to flowing blood and by enhancing…
Thyroid Disorders
TABLE 140.2 Commonly Used Drugs that Affect Thyroid Function THYROTOXICOSIS Clinical Presentation In the ICU, patients with thyrotoxicosis may have an atypical presentation, with tachyarrhythmias or central nervous system disturbance…
Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MODS usually occurs in patients who exhibit signs of a generalized inflammatory response (systemic inflammatory response syndrome [SIRS]; Table 52.2) (1). Although SIRS is often the result of infection…
Cardiac Disease and Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy
Preeclampsia is defined by the maternal manifestations of hypertension and proteinuria occurring in the second half of pregnancy. The presentation and diagnostic features of preeclampsia are reviewed in Tables 78.2…
Lung Structure and Function
FIGURE 14.1 Named branches of the tracheobronchial tree, viewed from the front. (From Nunn JF. Applied Respiratory Physiology. 3rd ed. London: Butterworths; 1987, with permission.) The primary lobular terminal respiratory…
Blood Gas Analysis and Acid–Base Disorders
The pH, defined by Sorenson, is the negative log of the concentration of H+. Therefore, in neutral solution, the pH is 7. This is a very small concentration of [H+],…
