Anesthesia Key

Fig. 19.1 The denser the material is the more it reflects the sonographic waves. Fluid (like blood) transmits ultrasound waves and have minimum waves reflected back. This yields a black…

Epistaxis Systemic causes Vascular disorders (hypertension, Rendu-Osler-Weber disease) Congenital or acquired heart diseases Diabetes Liver failure Kidney diseases Viral and bacterial infectious diseases Antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies Vitamin deficiencies (vit….

Fig. 21.1 Post-duodenocefalopancreasectomy collection 21.3 Percutaneous Treatment The first studies on the percutaneous abscess drainage have been published around 30 years ago as an alternative to the more invasive surgical…

Fig. 8.1 A chronic anal fissure 8.4 Acute Hemorrhoidal Disease Hemorrhoids are not masses of dilated venules. The anal cushions are composed of blood vessels, smooth muscle (Treitz’s muscle), and…

Fig. 13.1 Acute abdominal pain differential diagnosis for female individual in the emergency setting Diagnosis of an OB/GYN emergency can take place in a hospital or other urgent care facility….

Fig. 26.1 Findings by computed tomography (CT). (a, b) Absence of transmural necrosis of the esophagus (a) and of the stomach (b). Post-contrast enhancement of the esophagus and the stomach…

Figure 7.1 Pulmonary bullae Spontaneous nontraumatic pneumothorax is a clinical entity, usually associated with underlying pulmonary pathology (Table. 7.1). Primary spontaneous pneumothorax is due to rupture of pulmonary bullae (Fig….

Fig. 20.1 Massive hemoptysis (a) CT Scan shows a bronchial artery of 2.3 mm in diameter (arrow). (b) Angiogram of the pathologic bronchial arteries in a chronic inflammatory disease. (c)…