Fig. 38.1 The diagnosis of facet joint pain Common Diagnoses/Symptoms Treated Common diagnoses relating to the z-joint include cervical, thoracic, or lumbar facet arthropathy, facet syndrome, and spondylosis. Several other…
Fig. 66.1 Microvascular compression. A view of the right cerebellopontine angle including cranial nerves and vascular structures. Abnormal contact of a vessel (asterisk) with the trigeminal root entry zone, is…
Yin Yang Ventral Dorsal Internal External Lower Upper Flaccid Spastic Hypofunction Hyperfunction Deficiency Excess Cold Warm Relaxed Agitated These ideas are very closely related to the concept of Qi ….
Fig. 59.1 Pre- and postoperative hip replacement TJA of the knee requires replacing the injured bone and cartilage with a plastic or metal implant to optimize alignment and restore function….
Fig. 33.1 Schematic of trigger point complex. Permission from Elsevier Diagnosis Currently, there is no accepted gold standard to diagnose a trigger point. The utility of electromyography remains controversial. EMG…
Acute and subacute conditions Chronic conditions Reduce/eliminate symptoms Minimize lost work time Restore to prior functional status Support current functional levels Prevent chronicity Pain relief or control, minimize/prevent disability Prevent…
Fig. 37.1 Ligaments of the Sacroiliac Joint There are several myofascial structures that influence movement and stability, the most notable of which includes the latissimus dorsi via the thoracolumbar fascia,…
Fig. 65.1 Intra-operative microscopic image showing posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) inferior to glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) and deep to vagus nerve (CN X) Tumors The first description of glossopharyngeal…
Drug Screening cut-off concentrations ng/mL urine Confirmation cut-off concentrations ng/mL (non-regulated) Confirmation cut-off concentrations ng/mL (federally regulated) Urine detection time Opioids Morphine 300 50 2000 3–4 days Codeine 300 50…
Fig. 5.1 Postoperative CT head demonstrating a right-sided DBS lead Fig. 5.2 X-ray imaging demonstrating a complete DBS system implant (lead, extension, and pulse generator) Evidence DBS appears to be…
