Fig. 36.1 Square off end plates of the desired level to be injected (in this case, L3). Fluoroscope is rotated oblique 20–35° to obtain the “foraminal” view. Local anesthetic is…
Fig. 50.1 The concept of charge as dose is illustrated. In this example, each pulse can be thought of as a therapeutic dose or the charges per second as a…
(1) NeuroAlert LLC, 399 Knollwood Road, White Plains, NY 10603, USA (2) Department of Neurosurgery, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, 41 Mall Road, Burlington, MA 01805, USA…
Acute Chronic Neck and Upper Extremity Carotid Artery Dissection Subclavian or Axillobrachial Atherosclerosis Vertebral Artery Dissection Hemodialysis-Associated Steal Syndrome Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (arterial or venous) Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (neurogenic) Acute…
Fig. 38.1 The diagnosis of facet joint pain Common Diagnoses/Symptoms Treated Common diagnoses relating to the z-joint include cervical, thoracic, or lumbar facet arthropathy, facet syndrome, and spondylosis. Several other…
Fig. 66.1 Microvascular compression. A view of the right cerebellopontine angle including cranial nerves and vascular structures. Abnormal contact of a vessel (asterisk) with the trigeminal root entry zone, is…
Yin Yang Ventral Dorsal Internal External Lower Upper Flaccid Spastic Hypofunction Hyperfunction Deficiency Excess Cold Warm Relaxed Agitated These ideas are very closely related to the concept of Qi ….
Fig. 59.1 Pre- and postoperative hip replacement TJA of the knee requires replacing the injured bone and cartilage with a plastic or metal implant to optimize alignment and restore function….
Fig. 33.1 Schematic of trigger point complex. Permission from Elsevier Diagnosis Currently, there is no accepted gold standard to diagnose a trigger point. The utility of electromyography remains controversial. EMG…
Acute and subacute conditions Chronic conditions Reduce/eliminate symptoms Minimize lost work time Restore to prior functional status Support current functional levels Prevent chronicity Pain relief or control, minimize/prevent disability Prevent…
