Anesthesia Key

            I.   MONITORING                    A.   Respiration is the transport of oxygen from the environment to the cells of the body and the transport of carbon dioxide from those cells to the environment. Consequently, in…

            I.   HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING is one of the cornerstones of patient evaluation in the intensive care unit and provides diagnostic and prognostic value. The choice of monitoring depends on the diagnostic needs…

            I.   MECHANICAL VENTILATION provides artificial support of gas exchange.                    A.   Indications                           1.   Hypoventilation                                  a.   Evaluation: arterial pH should be evaluated for evidence of hypoventilation. Chronic compensated hypercapnia is a stable condition that usually does…

            I.   HEMODYNAMIC PERTURBATIONS are common during intensive care unit admission. Both hypotensive and hypertensive emergencies threaten cardiovascular system’s ability to provide sufficient oxygen and metabolic substrates to meet the demands of…

RV clot McConnell’s sign             I.   OVERVIEW: Venous thromboembolic event (VTE) refers to both deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Episodic thrombosis and/or embolism may appear to be discrete events, but increasingly…

Coagulopathy in the critically ill covers a range of abnormal states of coagulation. It is defined as the blood’s inability to clot normally.             I.   COAGULOPATHIES AND HEMOSTATIC ABNORMALITIES IN THE CRITICALLY…

Acute cerebral dysfunction is often the initial reason for presentation to the hospital and frequently develops as a complication of medical or perioperative care. The majority of causes require specific…

            I.   OVERVIEW. The intensivist needs to be well versed in advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) not only to administer care in the ICU but also to assist throughout the hospital. The algorithms…

            I.   There are several gastrointestinal (GI) diseases that present in an acute fashion and require critical care, that is, acute pancreatitis, intestinal perforation, ischemic bowel, acute bleeding, or following a major…

            I.   INTRODUCTION                    A.   Scope of the Problem in the United States                           1.   Burns are a major source of morbidity: approximately two million burns occur per year. Burns result in more than 60,000 hospitalizations…