56 Acute Pain Management
The inadequate relief of postoperative pain has adverse physiologic effects that can contribute to significant morbidity and mortality, resulting in the delay of patient recovery and return to daily activities….
ANESTHESIA
38 Anesthesia for Cardiac Surgery
When treating myocardial ischemia, decreasing O2 demand is more important than modifying O2 supply. Intraoperative ischemia is usually silent and is not usually accompanied by hemodynamic changes. Slow rate, small…
16 Hemostasis and Transfusion Medicine
Perioperative blood component therapy accounts for at least 23% of transfusions. Blood must not only be maintained as a fluid in normal circulation, but also be capable of forming a…
13 Inflammation, Wound Healing, and Infection
The most crucial component of infection prevention is frequent and effective hand hygiene. The ideal hand hygiene agent kills a broad spectrum of microbes, has antimicrobial activity that persists for…
22 Preoperative Patient Assessment and Management
The goals of a preoperative evaluation are to reduce patient risk and morbidity associated with surgery and coexisting diseases, promote efficiency and reduce costs, as well as to prepare the…
23 Rare Coexisting Diseases
The cytoskeleton of the muscle membrane in patients with muscular dystrophy is abnormal and susceptible to damage. Massive release of intracellular contents, including potassium, may occur after exposure to succinylcholine…
40 Obstetrical Anesthesia
As oxygen consumption increases during pregnancy, the maternal cardiovascular system adapts to meet the metabolic demands of a growing fetus. Airway edema may be particularly severe in women with preeclampsia,…
11 Respiratory Function in Anesthesia
In a person with normal lungs, breathing can be performed exclusively by the diaphragm. In the adult, the tip of an orotracheal tube moves an average of 3.8 cm with…
10 Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology
The mechanical capabilities of the heart are determined by its cartilaginous skeleton, myocardial fiber orientation, valves, coronary blood supply, and conduction system. The cardiac myocyte is engineered for contraction and…
15 Autonomic Nervous System: Physiology and Pharmacology
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) includes that part of the central and peripheral nervous system concerned with involuntary regulation of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glandular and visceral functions. The sympathetic…
