F Pericardial disease This section focuses on the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and anesthetic implications of three primary pericardial disease processes: acute pericarditis, constrictive pericarditis, and cardiac tamponade. The pericardium surrounds…
↓, Decreased; ↑, increased; →, therefore; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; LVEDP, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; MvO2, myocardial venous oxygen; N, nitroglycerin; SNP, sodium nitroprusside; SR, sinus rhythm
E Myocardial infarction Definition Myocardial infarction or myocardial cell death occurs when a portion of heart muscle is deprived of its blood supply as a result of blockage, acute thrombosis,…
Peripheral nerve blocks provide effective anesthesia and analgesia in a site-specific manner with the potential for long-lasting effects. Accurate identification of target nerves and precise and adequate placement of local…
Understanding the principles of ultrasound and echocardiographic instrumentation is essential in optimizing image quality. Performing a comprehensive echocardiographic examination ensures that important pathologies are recognized. Two-dimensional and Doppler techniques have…
The most important (but often overlooked) item in the pre-use checkout of the anesthesia workstation is to have immediately available, a functioning self-inflating resuscitation bag and a full auxiliary tank…
Management of the airway is paramount to safe perioperative care. Following a series of evaluation procedures affects outcomes in a favorable way. The anatomically complex airway undergoes growth and development…
The purpose of monitoring equipment is to augment the situational awareness of the anesthesiologist by providing clinical data either more rapidly than can be achieved manually or more precisely than…
The Henderson–Hasselbalch equation describes the relationship between pH, PaCO2, and serum bicarbonate. The Henderson equation defines the previous relationship but substitutes hydrogen concentration for pH. The pathophysiology of metabolic alkalosis…
At equilibrium, the CNS partial pressure of inhaled anesthetics equals their arterial partial pressure, which in turn equals their alveolar partial pressure if cardiopulmonary function is normal. The inspired concentration…
