Pollution in theatre and scavenging
Since the late 1960s there has been speculation that trace anaesthetic gases/vapours may have a harmful effect on operating theatre personnel. It has been concluded from currently available studies that…
ANESTHESIA
Medical gas supply
Gas supply Medical gas supply takes the form of either cylinders or a piped gas system, depending on the requirements of the hospital. Cylinders Components 1. Cylinders are made of…
Dermatologic Principles
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Dermatology is a specialty in which visual inspection allows for rapid diagnosis. A brief physical examination prior to a lengthy history is valuable because some of…
Cardiologic Principles I: Electrophysiologic and Electrocardiographic Principles
ELECTROPHYSIOLOGIC PRINCIPLES Print Section Listen The clinical tool most commonly used to assess cardiac function is the surface electrocardiogram (ECG). The ECG records the sum of the electrical changes occurring…
Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen This chapter reviews the normal physiology of neurotransmission, the molecular action and biochemistry of several major neurotransmitters and their receptors, and the toxicologic mechanisms by which…
Renal Principles
ANATOMY AND BASIC PHYSIOLOGY Print Section Listen The kidneys lie in the paravertebral grooves at the level of the T12 to L3 vertebrae. The medial margin of each is concave,…
Hepatic Principles
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen The liver plays an essential role in metabolic homeostasis. Hepatic functions include the synthesis, storage, and breakdown of glycogen. In addition, the liver is important in…
Respiratory Principles
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen The primary function of the lungs is gas exchange. Specifically, this involves the transport of oxygen (O2) into the blood, and the elimination of carbon dioxide…
Hematologic Principles
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Blood is rightfully considered the vital fluid, because every organ system depends on the normal function of blood. Blood delivers oxygen and other essential substances throughout…
Oncologic Principles
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen In 2012, there were 1.5 million persons with newly diagnosed invasive cancer in the United States.41 Among patients receiving chemotherapy for their disease, some will seek…
