Myocardial infarction
E Myocardial infarction Definition Myocardial infarction or myocardial cell death occurs when a portion of heart muscle is deprived of its blood supply as a result of blockage, acute thrombosis,…
35 Peripheral Nerve Blockade
Peripheral nerve blocks provide effective anesthesia and analgesia in a site-specific manner with the potential for long-lasting effects. Accurate identification of target nerves and precise and adequate placement of local…
26 Echocardiography
Understanding the principles of ultrasound and echocardiographic instrumentation is essential in optimizing image quality. Performing a comprehensive echocardiographic examination ensures that important pathologies are recognized. Two-dimensional and Doppler techniques have…
24 The Anesthesia Workstation and Delivery Systems for Inhaled Anesthetics
The most important (but often overlooked) item in the pre-use checkout of the anesthesia workstation is to have immediately available, a functioning self-inflating resuscitation bag and a full auxiliary tank…
25 Airway Management
Management of the airway is paramount to safe perioperative care. Following a series of evaluation procedures affects outcomes in a favorable way. The anatomically complex airway undergoes growth and development…
25 Commonly Used Monitoring Techniques
The purpose of monitoring equipment is to augment the situational awareness of the anesthesiologist by providing clinical data either more rapidly than can be achieved manually or more precisely than…
17 Inhaled Anesthetics
At equilibrium, the CNS partial pressure of inhaled anesthetics equals their arterial partial pressure, which in turn equals their alveolar partial pressure if cardiopulmonary function is normal. The inspired concentration…
14 Fluids, Electrolytes, and Acid–Base Physiology
The Henderson–Hasselbalch equation describes the relationship between pH, PaCO2, and serum bicarbonate. The Henderson equation defines the previous relationship but substitutes hydrogen concentration for pH. The pathophysiology of metabolic alkalosis…
56 Acute Pain Management
The inadequate relief of postoperative pain has adverse physiologic effects that can contribute to significant morbidity and mortality, resulting in the delay of patient recovery and return to daily activities….
38 Anesthesia for Cardiac Surgery
When treating myocardial ischemia, decreasing O2 demand is more important than modifying O2 supply. Intraoperative ischemia is usually silent and is not usually accompanied by hemodynamic changes. Slow rate, small…
