Percutaneous Disc Decompressions
CHAPTER 32 Percutaneous Disc Decompressions Sanjay Bakshi and Gerard W. Abrahamsen INDICATIONS Percutaneous disc decompression (PDD) is a minimally invasive procedure performed under fluoroscopic guidance for the treatment of lower…
Permanent Implant
CHAPTER 68 Permanent Implant Sean Li and Peter S. Staats INTRODUCTION The use of intrathecal opioids dates back to August 16, 1898, when August Bier and his assistant Hildebrandt performed…
Splanchnic Nerve Blocks
CHAPTER 44 Splanchnic Nerve Blocks Andrea Trescot INDICATIONS The splanchnic nerves transmit the majority of nociceptive information from the viscera. Classically performed for patients with intra-abdominal cancer, indications recently have…
Ilioinguinal and Iliohypogastric Nerve Blocks
CHAPTER 59 Ilioinguinal and Iliohypogastric Nerve Blocks Paul J. Hubbell III INDICATIONS The diagnosis and treatment of: • Ilioinguinal neuralgia • Iliohypogastric neuralgia • Groin pain • Inguinal pain, especially after mesh and/or staples…
Atlanto-Axial Joint Injections
CHAPTER 15 Atlanto-Axial Joint Injections Andrea Trescot INTRODUCTION The atlanto-occipital (AO) and atlanto-axial (AA) joints are unique joints in the spine, connecting the cervical region to the base of the…
Documentation, Billing, and Coding
CHAPTER 13 Documentation, Billing, and Coding Laxmaiah Manchikanti Multiple issues related to documentation, billing, and coding are facts of life for physicians practicing interventional pain management. Emphasis continues on the…
Cryoneuroablation
CHAPTER 79 Cryoneuroablation David Irwin and Andrea Trescot INTRODUCTION Cryoneuroablation is an interventional technique aimed at temporary destruction of the nerve providing relief of the pain. The origin of this…
Anterograde Versus Retrograde Lead Placement
CHAPTER 72 Anterograde Versus Retrograde Lead Placement Marshall D. Bedder INDICATIONS The discussion for an anterograde approach versus a retrograde approach to lead placement for spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has…
