© Springer International Publishing AG 2018Ehab Farag, Maged Argalious, John E. Tetzlaff and Deepak Sharma (eds.)Basic Sciences in Anesthesiahttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62067-1_11 11. Cardiovascular Anatomy and Pharmacology Maria Bauer1 (1) Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Hospital,…
Mu receptor Kappa receptor Delta receptor Molecular details and endogenous agonists 7- transmembrane domain G-protein Enkephalins (high affinity) Beta endorphin (high affinity) Dynorphins (low affinity) Subtypes: μ(mu) 1, 2…
The following items may suggest a possible haemostatic disorder No Yes Situation never encountered 1. Have you previously consulted a doctor or received a treatment for prolonged or unusual bleeding,…
Agent (drug) Availability Cost Purity/potency Mode of administration Chewing (absorption via oral mucous membranes) Gastrointestinal Intranasal Subcutaneous and intramuscular Intravenous Inhalation Speed of onset and termination of effects (pharmacokinetics: combination…
Fig. 7.1 Summary of the most important pathophysiologic effects of increased intra-abdominal pressure on end-organ function within and outside the abdominal cavity. Figure legend: Cdyn Dynamic respiratory compliance, CO Cardiac…
Class BMI (kg/m2) Underweight <20.0 Normal range 20.0–24.9 Obese class 1 25.0–29.9 Obese class 2 30.0–34.9 Obese class 3 35.0–39.9 Obese class 4 40.0–49.9 Obese class 5 50.0–59.9 Obese class…
Fig. 8.1 Severity of OSA based on AHI It is well known that OSA is often associated with severe complications, major cardiovascular disorders (there is a strong correlation between the…
Fig. 19.1 The frailty cycle (adapted from Ahmed et al. [33]) 19.3 Diagnosing Frailty Despite the numerous scoring systems employed in the perioperative and intensive care settings to assess a…
Fig. 5.1 Distribution of age at death in patients with congenital heart disease in 1987–1988 and 2004–2005. Histogram bars depict the proportion of all deaths (x-axis) according to age at…
1. Respect for autonomy: based on the principle of respect for persons, it translates into the principle of informed consent in the healthcare setting 2. Beneficence: requiring, other things being equal, to…
