Abdominal Wall Hernias
Fig. 34.1 Classification of ventral hernias between the two lateral margins of rectus muscles. Five zones are defined. (Reprinted with permission from Muysoms FE, Miserez M, Berrevoet F et al….
Hemothorax, Pneumothorax, and Empyema
Fig. 15.1 A 43-year-old blunt trauma patient presenting with hypotension. Tension pneumothorax was not clinically diagnosed as the cause of hypotension and this chest radiograph was obtained. The image shows…
Extremity Compartment Syndromes
Decreased compartmental volume •Excessive traction with fracture immobilization •Closure of fascial defects following trauma Increased compartmental content •Intracompartmental bleeding secondary to fractures, vascular injury, or bleeding disorders •Increased capillary filtration…
Small Bowel Obstruction
Extrinsic lesion Intrinsic lesion Obstruction of normal bowel Adhesions Intussusception Gallstones Hernia Congenital malformation Feces or meconium Volvulus Neoplasms Bezoar Extrinsic neoplasms Intussuception Gallstones Intra-abdominal abscesses Congenital malformation Feces or…
Sigmoid and Cecal Volvulus
Fig. 30.1 “Bent inner tube” sign associated with sigmoid volvulus. Published with permission from William Herring, MD, FACR, learningradiology.com Fig. 30.2 “Omega” sign associated with sigmoid volvulus. Published with permission…
Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections
Fig. 37.1 Anatomy of skin and soft tissue and infectious processes associated with each layer Epidemiology Incidence The incidence of NSTIs in the United States has been estimated from large…
Anorectal Emergencies
Fig. 31.1 Acute presentation of massive thrombosed external hemorrhoids. This patient was brought to the operating room for emergent hemorrhoidectomy Internal hemorrhoids, on the other hand, rarely present with pain…
Damage Control Laparotomy in Surgical Sepsis
Fig. 4.1 The progression of an intra-abdominal infection Fig. 4.2 The persistent septic shock cycle Fig. 4.3 Paradigm shift in management of patients with an abdominal infection and septic shock…
Acute Appendicitis
Gastrointestinal origin Appendicitis Mesenteric adenitis Intussusception Terminal ileitis Cecal diverticulitis Epiploic appendagitis Typhlitis Inflammatory bowel disease Constipation Urogenital Ureteral stone Urinary tract infection Gynecologic Tubo-ovarian abscess Ovarian torsion Ectopic pregnancy…
Esophageal Perforation
Type Causes Clinical findings Anatomic External compression from an aberrant right subclavian artery Pyriform sinus Singing, yelling, trumpet playing, recent endoscopy Marked mediastinal and cervical subcutaneous emphysema Anastomotic Leakage at…
