Anesthesia Key

INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen The primary function of the lungs is gas exchange. Specifically, this involves the transport of oxygen (O2) into the blood, and the elimination of carbon dioxide…

INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Blood is rightfully considered the vital fluid, because every organ system depends on the normal function of blood. Blood delivers oxygen and other essential substances throughout…

INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen In 2012, there were 1.5 million persons with newly diagnosed invasive cancer in the United States.41 Among patients receiving chemotherapy for their disease, some will seek…

INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen The genitourinary system encompasses 2 major organ systems, the reproductive and the urinary systems. Successful reproduction requires interaction between 2 sexually mature individuals. Xenobiotic exposures to…

INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Despite exposure to wide fluctuations of environmental temperatures, human body temperature is maintained within a narrow range.16,120 Elevation or depression of body temperature occurs when (1)…

INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Many xenobiotics adversely affect the senses of olfaction, gustation, and cochlear–vestibular functions. Although these toxic effects are not life-­threatening they are frequently distressful to patients. Furthermore,…

INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Humans are in constant contact with xenobiotics. In addition to its critical role in absorbing nutrients, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract forms the initial functional barrier between…

INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Although it is arguable that the eyes are the mirror to the soul, it is certain that the eyes reveal a great deal of information with…

INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Adequate tissue perfusion depends on maintenance of volume status, vascular resistance, cardiac contractility, and cardiac rhythm. All of these components of the hemodynamic system are vulnerable…