TABLE 113.2 Severity of Breathlessness Assessment According to the Modified British Medical Research Council (mMRC) Lung Volume and Diffusing Capacity Lung volumes can be measured using whole-body plethysmography or gas…
FIGURE 114.1 Outcomes in pulmonary embolism. RV, right ventricle. Risk Factors The Virchow triad of stasis, vessel trauma, and hypercoagulability remain fundamental risk factors for VTE. Furthermore, risk factors can…
FIGURE 59.1 Baseline physician FTE supply and demand projections, 2006–2025. (From Center for Workforce Studies. The Complexities of Physician Supply and Demand: Projections Through 2025. Available at: http://members.aamc.org/eweb/upload/The%20Complexities%20of%20Physician%20Supply.pdf. Accessed August…
The result of these changes is a substantial increase in serum glucose—through increased hepatic gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, and lipolysis—with inappropriately decreased peripheral glucose uptake (Fig. 137.1). DKA is also associated with…
FIGURE 65.1 This 17-year-old girl sustained a high-energy distal tibial fracture as a result of a motorcycle crash. Open reduction with plate fixation offers the best chance of achieving anatomic…
PRETERM LABOR A preterm birth is defined as a delivery between 20 0/7 and 36 6/7 weeks of gestation (23) and is the second leading cause to neonatal mortality in…
FIGURE 45.1 Neurohumoral and mechanical events that lead to death in patients with cardiogenic shock. ANP, atrial natriuretic peptide. (Used with permission from Francis GS. Neuroendocrine manifestations of congestive heart…
FIGURE 32.1 Exit-site infection around an indwelling double-lumen left subclavian central venous catheter that clinically manifested with pain, tenderness, erythema, and swelling. Source of Pathogens The four potential sources of…
The first step in pharmacologic therapy advocated in the most recent ACCM PAD guidelines is pain control, for pain in and of itself—whether from a fracture, incision, or even suctioning…
FIGURE 58.1 Initial management of suspected or confirmed intra-abdominal infections. (Adapted from IDSA–Complicated Intra-abdominal Infection—In Adults. http://www.idsociety.org.) The clinical presentation of an intra-abdominal abscess often requires a high index of…
