CHAPTER 8 Peripheral nerve blockade for ambulatory surgery Stephen Mannion, Xavier Capdevila Introduction Over the last 15–20 years there has been a rapid increase worldwide in the numbers of surgical…
CHAPTER 2 Regional anesthesia in perspective history, current role, and the future Frank Loughnane The doctrine of specific energies of the senses, proclaimed by Johannes P. Mueller (1801–58) in 1826…
CHAPTER 1 Introduction George Shorten Within anesthetic practice, the role of regional anesthesia – including peripheral nerve block – has expanded greatly over the past two decades. In 1998, a…
COMMON OPIOID-RELATED ADVERSE EFFECTS Common opioid-related adverse effects include constipation, urinary retention, sedation, delirium, dry mouth, respiratory depression, hyperhidrosis, pruritus, muscular spasm, tremor, nausea, and vomiting. The use of opioid…
FIGURE 26-1. Schematic diagram of the gate control theory as proposed by Melzack and Wall in 1965. The theory suggests that sensory input from the periphery converges on a group…
Male gender Tobacco use Increasing age Preexisting diabetes mellitus Extremes of body habitus Preexisting neurologic disorders Surgical Risk Factors Surgical trauma or stretch…
SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM The actual incidence of neurologic dysfunction resulting from hemorrhagic complications associated with central neural blockade is unknown. In an extensive review of the literature, Tryba4 identified…
ABD (abdominal), BUP (bupivacaine), CAN (cancer), COLO (colorectal), FEN (fentanyl), META (meta-analysis), MIX (mixed), n/a (not available), MOR (morphine), OBS (observational study), S (subjects), SUF (sufentanil), SYST (systematic review), T…
DEFINITION Neuraxial anesthesia has predictable significant effects on respiration. These changes include altered pulmonary function, chest wall mechanics, gas exchange, and ventilatory control. There have been comparatively few studies on…
DEFINITION Hypotension is broadly defined as abnormally low blood pressure. Investigators have often developed operational definitions of hypotension for use in individual studies. It is the variations in these operational…
