Electrolytes and Acid-Base Analysis
The HPA axis is one of the major organ systems regulating sodium balance and serum osmolality. Serum osmolality is sensed by osmoreceptors in the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis…
Introduction to Critical Care
where Hb = hemoglobin concentration, SaO2 = % hemoglobin saturation with oxygen, and PaO2 = partial pressure of dissolved oxygen. Global oxygen delivery (DO2) to the body depends on this arterial oxygen content (CaO2) as well…
Anesthesia Equipment and Monitors
Standard 1: qualified anesthesia personnel shall be present in the room throughout the conduct of all general anesthetics, regional anesthetics and monitored anesthesia care Standard 2: during all anesthetics, the…
Physiology and Anesthesia for Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery
Source Branch #1 Branch #2 Supply Left main Circumflex Obtuse marginal branches Left ventricle lateral & posterior walls Left anterior descending (LAD) Septal branches Majority of interventricular septum Diagonal branches…
Airway Evaluation and Management
Figure 9.1 The glottis and epiglottis (Reproduced with permission from Finucane and Santora [7]) In order to predict difficult mask ventilation or difficult endotracheal intubation, each patient receiving anesthetic care…
Obstetrics
Total blood volume Increases Serum cholinesterase activity Decreases Cardiac output and stroke volume Increases Minute ventilation Increases Functional residual capacity Decreases Oxygen consumption Increases PaCO2 Decreases Systemic vascular resistance Decreases…
Peripheral, Arterial, and Central Lines and Gastric Tube Placement
and Matthew D. McEvoy2 (1) Chief Resident, Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA (2) Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA KeywordsIntravenous lineArterial catheterCentral…
Pediatric Surgery
Figure 23.1 Pediatric upper airway anatomy (Image adapted from Cote et al. [3]) The narrowest part of the infant airway is the cricoid cartilage, compared to vocal cords in adults….
The Anesthesia Machine
High pressure system –Pipelines & cylinders for the gases delivered –Fail-safe valve –Pressure regulator –Oxygen flush valve Low pressure system –Flowmeters –Vaporizers –Flow control valve –Check valve –Common gas outlet…
Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery
Trends revealed from the National Trauma Data Bank 1. The majority of reported traumas occur in young males 2. Case fatality rises with age at time of injury 3. Motor…
