Needles in Regional Anesthesia

Fig. 44.1

22G Quincke type needles. (a, b) Needles from different manufacturers. Scanning electron microscopy. Magnification: a, ×40; b, ×40

Fig. 44.2

25G Pencil-point type needles. (a) Pencil-point type needle. (b) Whitacre type needle (scanning electron microscopy). Magnification: a, ×35; b, ×35

Fig. 44.3

(a) 25G Quincke needle. (b) 25G Whitacre type needle. Scanning electron microscopy. Magnification: a, ×25; b, ×25

Fig. 44.4

25G Quincke type needles from different manufacturers. (a–c) from same manufacturer, (d–f) from another manufacturer. Scanning electron microscopy. Magnification: a, b, and c, ×40 (From Reina et al. [5]; with permission)

Fig. 44.5

(a, b) 22G Quincke type needles. Scanning electron microscopy. Magnification: a, ×43; b, ×43

Fig. 44.6

(a, b) 25G Quincke type needles. Scanning electron microscopy. Magnification: a, ×43; b, ×43

Fig. 44.7

(a, b) 26G Quincke type needles. Scanning electron microscopy. Magnification: a, ×43; b, ×43

Fig. 44.8

(a, b) 27G Quincke type needles. Scanning electron microscopy. Magnification: a, ×43; b, ×43

Fig. 44.9

(a, b) 29G Quincke type needles. Scanning electron microscopy. Magnification: a, ×43; b, ×43

Fig. 44.10

Whitacre type needles. (a–c) Needles from same box. (d, e) Detail of lateral hole. Scanning electron microscopy. Magnification: a–c, ×40; d and e, ×350

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