Fig. 1.1 Axons inside fascicles of a sciatic nerve. Transmission electron microscopy, magnification: ×7,000 (a); ×3,000 (b) Fig. 1.2 (a) Unmyelinated axon of a human nerve rootlet. (b) Myelinic axon…
Fig. 22.1 (a–c) The dural sac (DS) appears on T1-weighted MR images as a dark structure that occupies the central region of the vertebral canal. (d–f) In contrast, T2-weighted images…
Sequence Acquisition plane TR/TE, ms NSA Slice thickness, mm/gap% Matrix Voxel size, mm3 Sections per block T1 fast field echo 3D Axial 32/4.6 1 1.8/0 205 × 256 0.9 160 T2 fast…
Fig. 12.1 Intraneural injection of 5 mL of contrast medium into the sciatic nerve (anterior approach in cadaver specimen). The needle enters the sciatic nerve (a), and the contrast spreads…
Fig. 37.1 Three-dimensional model of CSF and cauda equina nerve roots from the lowest thoracic levels to the caudal end of the dural sac. Dorsal (a, b) and lateral (c,…
Region–case Root CSF Max/min a. Certain b. Likely c. Possible d. Possible e. Likely f. Certain 1. Conus 3 547 696 862 684 832 1,128 2.06 4 634 730 1,134…
Fig. 35.1 Three-dimensional reconstruction of human nerve root of cauda equina at lumbar spine level. Patient in supine position (a), lateral position (b) and prone position (c). Anterior view Fig….
Fig. 14.1 Typical histologic appearance of a rat peripheral nerve. (a) Connective tissue of the epineurium is unbalanced in terms of collagen richness, with partly altered tinctorial properties and areal-located…
Fig. 32.1 Posterior ligaments of interest in lumbar spinal blockade. Different ligaments may be traversed to reach the spinal canal: (a) The supraspinal ligament (ssl), a slender structure that extends…
Figure 13.1 Vertebral anatomy (Reproduced with permission from Mathias [5]) The spinal cord is contained within the spinal canal and covered by three layers called the meninges . The pia…
