Human spinal dura mater. External surface. Scanning electron microscopy. Magnification: (a) ×11,000; (b) ×2,000

Human spinal dura mater. External surface: Detail of the orientation of collagen fibers. Scanning electron microscopy. (a) Magnification ×2,000. (b) Magnification ×6,500 (b from Dittmann et al. [2]; with permission)

Human spinal dura mater. External surface: Detail of the orientation of collagen fibers. Scanning electron microscopy. (a) Magnification ×20,000; (b) Magnification ×8,000 (a, b from Reina et al. [3]; with permission)

Human spinal dura mater. External surface: Compact layer of dural fibers in detail. Scanning electron microscopy. Magnification: (a) ×45,000; (b) ×2,200 (a from Reina et al. [3]; with permission)

Human spinal dura mater. External surface: Detail of elastic fibers. Scanning electron microscopy. (a) Magnification ×3,000 (From Dittmann et al. [2]; with permission). (b) Magnification ×6,500 (From Reina et al. [9]; with permission)

Human spinal dura mater. Internal surface of dura mater adjacent to subdural compartment. Scanning electron microscopy. Magnification: (a) ×100; (b) ×1,100 (b from Reina et al. [1]; with permission)

Human spinal dura mater. (a) Full thickness (magnification ×300). (b) Detail of thickness of four dural laminas (magnification ×4,000). Scanning electron microscopy (a from Reina et al. [1]; b from Reina et al. [4]; both with permission)

Human spinal dura mater. Partial thickness. Detail of dural laminas. Scanning electron microscopy. Magnification: (a) ×4,000; (b) ×1,000

Human spinal dura mater. Partial thickness. Detail of dural laminas. Scanning electron microscopy. Magnification ×5,500 (From Reina et al. [1]; with permission)