Anesthesia Key

Fig. 33.1 Ligamentum flavum. Anatomy of the paired ligamentum flavum spanning out between adjacent laminae. The view is from the epidural space. In the midline, a gap is apparent between…

Fig. 23.1 Three-dimensional reconstruction of human spinal epidural fat. Anterior nerve roots (red), posterior nerve roots (blue), posterior and lateral epidural fat Fig. 23.2 Three-dimensional reconstruction of human spinal epidural…

Fig. 29.1 Anterior (motor) nerve roots (red) and posterior (sensory) nerve roots (blue), as seen in posterior view (a), lateral view (b), and anterior view (c). Nerve roots within the…

Fig. 5.1 Epineurium. (a) Human sciatic nerve. (b) Detail of panel a. Scanning electron microscopy, magnification: ×10 (a); ×40 (b) Fig. 5.2 Epineurium. Human tibial nerve. (a, b) Detail of…

Fig. 1.1 Axons inside fascicles of a sciatic nerve. Transmission electron microscopy, magnification: ×7,000 (a); ×3,000 (b) Fig. 1.2 (a) Unmyelinated axon of a human nerve rootlet. (b) Myelinic axon…

Fig. 22.1 (a–c) The dural sac (DS) appears on T1-weighted MR images as a dark structure that occupies the central region of the vertebral canal. (d–f) In contrast, T2-weighted images…

Sequence Acquisition plane TR/TE, ms NSA Slice thickness, mm/gap% Matrix Voxel size, mm3 Sections per block T1 fast field echo 3D Axial 32/4.6 1 1.8/0 205 × 256 0.9 160 T2 fast…

Fig. 12.1 Intraneural injection of 5 mL of contrast medium into the sciatic nerve (anterior approach in cadaver specimen). The needle enters the sciatic nerve (a), and the contrast spreads…

Fig. 37.1 Three-dimensional model of CSF and cauda equina nerve roots from the lowest thoracic levels to the caudal end of the dural sac. Dorsal (a, b) and lateral (c,…

Region–case Root CSF Max/min  a. Certain b. Likely c. Possible d. Possible e. Likely f. Certain  1. Conus 3 547 696 862 684 832 1,128 2.06 4 634 730 1,134…