Valvular lesion Common ECG findings Common CXR findings Aortic stenosis Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) Enlarged cardiac silhouette, aortic calcifications, potential pulmonary edema Aortic regurgitation (chronic) LVH, left heart strain May…
Stanford classification Type A Dissection involving the ascending aorta, as defined as proximal to the brachiocephalic artery, with or without involvement of the descending aorta Type B Dissection of the…
Judicious use of rapid sequence intubation (RSI) versus awake technique Back-up planning Prioritization of oxygenation Early recognition of failure Early use of surgical technique if necessary Avoidance of ED intubation…
Primary etiologies Secondary etiologies Coronary artery spasm Increased myocardial oxygen demand Disruption or erosion of atherosclerotic plaques Reduced myocardial blood flow Platelet aggregation or thrombus formation at the site of…
Bronchitis Bronchiectasis Aspergilloma Tumor Tuberculosis Lung abscess Emboli Coagulopathy Autoimmune disorders Arterial venous malformation Alveolar hemorrhage Mitral stenosis Pneumonia Presentation Classic presentation Worldwide, tuberculosis (TB) is the most common cause…
Oxygen Inhaled beta-agonists Inhaled anticholinergics Corticosteroids Antibiotics Noninvasive ventilation Intubation Ventilator management Manage ABCs Patients should be placed on supplemental oxygen therapy as needed to maintain adequate oxygen saturations of…
Allergic• Anaphylaxis• Angioedema Infectious• Ludwig’s angina• Retropharyngeal abscess/other deep space infections of the neck• Peritonsillar abscess• Epiglottitis Traumatic and caustic• Thermal burn• Traumatic hematoma• Caustic ingestion• Inhaled toxins Anatomical and…
Chest radiography findings concerning for blunt aortic injury Widened mediastinum (>8 cm on supine or >6 cm on upright film) Obscured aortic knob Left apical cap (blood above apex of…
Strategies of ventilation Outlined below are two ventilation strategies that can be used in critically ill patients in the emergency department. Both of these strategies utilize the assist control (AC)…
