Anesthesia Key

Healing by secondary intention Primary closure Skin grafting Local flaps Distant pedicled flaps Tissue expansion Free tissue transfer Fig. 12.1 Reconstructive clockwork as a refinement of the reconstructive ladder. CTA…

Classification Skin open + closed − Soft-tissue damage Fracture mild + severity mod ++ sev. +++ Contamination Fr. C 0 − − + − C I − + + to…

Fig. 18.1 Electromicroscopic slide of Staphylococcus epidermidis: Biofilm. Upper figure: Staphylococcus aureus from fluid culture; lower figure: Staphylococcus aureus in Biofilm (REM-slide from S. Sailer and I. Chatterjee, Homburg/Saar) 18.1.4…

Fig. 19.1 A case of fibrous dysplasia of the proximal femur causing a pathologic fracture Chronic Osteitis: There are usually obvious bony changes with cavitation, sequestrum, and involucrum formation [5]….

Fig. 13.1 Pathophysiology of burn shock 13.5 Classifications of Burn Injuries 13.5.1 Burn Depth Burns are classified by the depth of tissue affected. The depth of injury depends on the…

Genetic factors Environmental factors Factor V Leiden Surgery/trauma Prothrombin gene mutation Immobility High factor VIII levels Age Hyperhomocysteinemia Congestive heart failure/ myocardial infarction Antithrombin deficiency Hormone replacement therapy/oral contraception Protein…

Fig. 7.1 Polytrauma patient after damage control surgery: Pelvic clamp, external fixator, open abdomen with Vacu-seal Apart from the basic treatment concepts of intensive care medicine (e.g., volume management, lung-protective…

where LBF is local blood flow, PV is local venous pressure, PA is local arterial pressure, and R is local resistance. Normal myocyte metabolism requires a 5–7 mm Hg oxygen…

Fig. 6.1 Stress and stress reaction. ACTH ­adrenocorticotropic hormone, ADH antidiuretic hormone Activation of the sympathoadrenergic system with release of catecholamines is an immediate and active response to the stressor;…

Fig. 5.1 Traumatic and interventional antigenic load on the pulmonary endothelium and alveolar epithelium in severe trauma conditions By releasing these substances, a cascade of local and systemic defense mechanisms…