Hemodynamic Management in Hypovolemia and Trauma
Data from National Institutes of Health: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute: NHLBI fact book, fiscal year 2012 (February 2013). Bethesda, MD, 2012, NHLBI. These multiple issues in the aging…
Hemodynamic Management Following Cardiac Surgery
Figure 16-1 Ventricular compliance curves for patients with normal cardiac function, decreased compliance (diastolic dysfunction), and increased compliance (systolic dysfunction). The relationship between end-diastolic volume (EDV) and end-diastolic pressure (EDP)…
Vasoactive Medications
Increased afterloadDecreased heart rate (baroreflex)Increased coronary and cerebral blood flowAlpha-2Presynaptic nerve endingsInhibition of norepinephrine release; peripheral vasodilationBeta-1Atrial and ventricular muscleCardiac conduction systemIncreased contractilityIncreased heart rateIncreased conductionIncreased automaticityBeta-2Bronchial smooth muscleVascular smooth…
Implantable Hemodynamic Monitoring
Figure 13-1 The HeartPOD implantable sensor lead (A) and implantable communication module (B). (Photos provided courtesy of St. Jude Medical.) Figure 13-2 The HeartPOD patient advisory module. (Photo provided courtesy…
Goal-Directed Hemodynamics
Figure 22-1 Target goals with multiple endpoints. CV, Cardiovascular; CVP, central venous pressure; IOS, index of suspicion; PPV, pulse pressure variation; SV, stroke volume; SVV, stroke volume variation; U/O, urine…
Mannequin Based Simulators
Fig. 15.1 Mannequin-based simulators placed in the larger simulation context which includes an immersive environment, inputs and outputs, and an operator learner pairing Mannequin-based simulators should be viewed as part…
Virtual Reality, Haptic Simulators, and Virtual Environments
Fig. 16.1 Participants using virtual reality haptic simulators in a conference setting These devices in general process a physical interface (e.g., laparoscopic instrument, laparoscopic camera, bronchoscope, or colonoscopes) that replicates…
Simulation in Cardiothoracic Surgery
Fig. 19.1 Small vessel anastomosis: (a) An anastomotic block can be constructed using a wood block on which are mounted ¼ in. angled irrigation connectors. A synthetic graft can be…
Simulation in Military and Battlefield Medicine
Fig. 27.1 Hyperrealistic moulage: (a) chest and abdominal wounds, (b) severe facial trauma, (c) reusable shorts to simulate leg wounds, (d) leg wound shorts (Photos courtesy of Strategic Operations, Inc.)…
Simulation in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Location Technical skills Hospital systems issues Teamwork/Communication In-situ/on ward + ++ ++ Simulation center ++ − ++ ++ best fit, + possible, − not feasible In terms of who should…
