Figure 14-1 A, During spontaneous breathing, the intercostal muscles contract, and the diaphragm expands the thoracic cavity, creating negative intrathoracic pressure drawing air into the lungs. This negative pressure supports…
Data from Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL, et al.: Heart disease and stroke statistics—2014 update: a report from the American Heart Association, Circulation 129:e28–e292, 2013. Table 17-2 Annual Cost…
Figure 20-1 Relationship of infection, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock. (Adapted from Bone RC, et al.: Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines…
Data from National Institutes of Health: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute: NHLBI fact book, fiscal year 2012 (February 2013). Bethesda, MD, 2012, NHLBI. These multiple issues in the aging…
Figure 16-1 Ventricular compliance curves for patients with normal cardiac function, decreased compliance (diastolic dysfunction), and increased compliance (systolic dysfunction). The relationship between end-diastolic volume (EDV) and end-diastolic pressure (EDP)…
Increased afterloadDecreased heart rate (baroreflex)Increased coronary and cerebral blood flowAlpha-2Presynaptic nerve endingsInhibition of norepinephrine release; peripheral vasodilationBeta-1Atrial and ventricular muscleCardiac conduction systemIncreased contractilityIncreased heart rateIncreased conductionIncreased automaticityBeta-2Bronchial smooth muscleVascular smooth…
Figure 13-1 The HeartPOD implantable sensor lead (A) and implantable communication module (B). (Photos provided courtesy of St. Jude Medical.) Figure 13-2 The HeartPOD patient advisory module. (Photo provided courtesy…
Figure 22-1 Target goals with multiple endpoints. CV, Cardiovascular; CVP, central venous pressure; IOS, index of suspicion; PPV, pulse pressure variation; SV, stroke volume; SVV, stroke volume variation; U/O, urine…
Fig. 15.1 Mannequin-based simulators placed in the larger simulation context which includes an immersive environment, inputs and outputs, and an operator learner pairing Mannequin-based simulators should be viewed as part…
Fig. 16.1 Participants using virtual reality haptic simulators in a conference setting These devices in general process a physical interface (e.g., laparoscopic instrument, laparoscopic camera, bronchoscope, or colonoscopes) that replicates…
