Figure 16-1 Ventricular compliance curves for patients with normal cardiac function, decreased compliance (diastolic dysfunction), and increased compliance (systolic dysfunction). The relationship between end-diastolic volume (EDV) and end-diastolic pressure (EDP)…
Increased afterloadDecreased heart rate (baroreflex)Increased coronary and cerebral blood flowAlpha-2Presynaptic nerve endingsInhibition of norepinephrine release; peripheral vasodilationBeta-1Atrial and ventricular muscleCardiac conduction systemIncreased contractilityIncreased heart rateIncreased conductionIncreased automaticityBeta-2Bronchial smooth muscleVascular smooth…
Figure 13-1 The HeartPOD implantable sensor lead (A) and implantable communication module (B). (Photos provided courtesy of St. Jude Medical.) Figure 13-2 The HeartPOD patient advisory module. (Photo provided courtesy…
Figure 22-1 Target goals with multiple endpoints. CV, Cardiovascular; CVP, central venous pressure; IOS, index of suspicion; PPV, pulse pressure variation; SV, stroke volume; SVV, stroke volume variation; U/O, urine…
Fig. 15.1 Mannequin-based simulators placed in the larger simulation context which includes an immersive environment, inputs and outputs, and an operator learner pairing Mannequin-based simulators should be viewed as part…
Fig. 16.1 Participants using virtual reality haptic simulators in a conference setting These devices in general process a physical interface (e.g., laparoscopic instrument, laparoscopic camera, bronchoscope, or colonoscopes) that replicates…
Fig. 19.1 Small vessel anastomosis: (a) An anastomotic block can be constructed using a wood block on which are mounted ¼ in. angled irrigation connectors. A synthetic graft can be…
Fig. 27.1 Hyperrealistic moulage: (a) chest and abdominal wounds, (b) severe facial trauma, (c) reusable shorts to simulate leg wounds, (d) leg wound shorts (Photos courtesy of Strategic Operations, Inc.)…
Location Technical skills Hospital systems issues Teamwork/Communication In-situ/on ward + ++ ++ Simulation center ++ − ++ ++ best fit, + possible, − not feasible In terms of who should…
Fig. 28.1 The simulator interface allows neurosurgeons to explore a 3D MRI scan of a patient’s brain during presurgical planning. From the surgeon’s perspective, the interface is analogous to holding…
