Hemodynamics of Sepsis
Figure 20-1 Relationship of infection, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock. (Adapted from Bone RC, et al.: Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines…
Hemodynamic Management in Hypovolemia and Trauma
Data from National Institutes of Health: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute: NHLBI fact book, fiscal year 2012 (February 2013). Bethesda, MD, 2012, NHLBI. These multiple issues in the aging…
Hemodynamic Management Following Cardiac Surgery
Figure 16-1 Ventricular compliance curves for patients with normal cardiac function, decreased compliance (diastolic dysfunction), and increased compliance (systolic dysfunction). The relationship between end-diastolic volume (EDV) and end-diastolic pressure (EDP)…
Vasoactive Medications
Increased afterloadDecreased heart rate (baroreflex)Increased coronary and cerebral blood flowAlpha-2Presynaptic nerve endingsInhibition of norepinephrine release; peripheral vasodilationBeta-1Atrial and ventricular muscleCardiac conduction systemIncreased contractilityIncreased heart rateIncreased conductionIncreased automaticityBeta-2Bronchial smooth muscleVascular smooth…
Implantable Hemodynamic Monitoring
Figure 13-1 The HeartPOD implantable sensor lead (A) and implantable communication module (B). (Photos provided courtesy of St. Jude Medical.) Figure 13-2 The HeartPOD patient advisory module. (Photo provided courtesy…
Goal-Directed Hemodynamics
Figure 22-1 Target goals with multiple endpoints. CV, Cardiovascular; CVP, central venous pressure; IOS, index of suspicion; PPV, pulse pressure variation; SV, stroke volume; SVV, stroke volume variation; U/O, urine…
Mannequin Based Simulators
Fig. 15.1 Mannequin-based simulators placed in the larger simulation context which includes an immersive environment, inputs and outputs, and an operator learner pairing Mannequin-based simulators should be viewed as part…
Virtual Reality, Haptic Simulators, and Virtual Environments
Fig. 16.1 Participants using virtual reality haptic simulators in a conference setting These devices in general process a physical interface (e.g., laparoscopic instrument, laparoscopic camera, bronchoscope, or colonoscopes) that replicates…
Simulation in Cardiothoracic Surgery
Fig. 19.1 Small vessel anastomosis: (a) An anastomotic block can be constructed using a wood block on which are mounted ΒΌ in. angled irrigation connectors. A synthetic graft can be…
Simulation in Military and Battlefield Medicine
Fig. 27.1 Hyperrealistic moulage: (a) chest and abdominal wounds, (b) severe facial trauma, (c) reusable shorts to simulate leg wounds, (d) leg wound shorts (Photos courtesy of Strategic Operations, Inc.)…
