Figure 21-1 Hyperemia. Small volume increases in one or two of the intracranial contents can be tolerated with a reciprocal decrease in the other one or two volumes. This compensation…
Patient Education Patients and families appreciate the hands-on approach that is needed for point-of-care ultrasonographic evaluations, and the interactions provide an opportunity for the understanding of the patient’s condition…
Figure 7-1 Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and tissues. (Courtesy of Edwards LifeSciences.) Oxygen Delivery Oxygen delivery (DO2) comprises three steps: (1) gas exchange at the…
Figure 10-1 Simplified relationship of therapy (volume, inotropes, vasopressors, vasodilator medications), physiology, hemodynamics and oxygen demand (VO2), and delivery (DO2), demonstrating the central role of stroke volume index (SVI) as…
for Calculated Values*RAP or CVPPAOPPAPCOSvO2#RVEDPSVCIPVRSVRO2 delivery#LVEDP CI, Cardiac index; CO, cardiac output; CVP, central venous pressure; LVEDP, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure; O2, oxygen; PAOP, pulmonary artery occlusion pressure; PAP, pulmonary…
Figure 8-1 Infrared (IR) light absorption by the carbon dioxide (CO2) molecules. Sidestream Capnography Sidestream capnography (Figure 8-2) is the most widely used method for continuous CO2 monitoring in the…
Figure 15-1 Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) catheter correctly positioned in the thoracic aorta just below the left subclavian artery and above the renal arteries. Hemodynamic and Physiologic Effects of Intra-aortic…
Figure 18-1 Right ventricular anatomy. The RV architecture includes the intraventricular septum. The septum divides the two ventricles of the heart and is essential in the motion of ventricular contraction….
Figure 14-1 A, During spontaneous breathing, the intercostal muscles contract, and the diaphragm expands the thoracic cavity, creating negative intrathoracic pressure drawing air into the lungs. This negative pressure supports…
Data from Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL, et al.: Heart disease and stroke statistics—2014 update: a report from the American Heart Association, Circulation 129:e28–e292, 2013. Table 17-2 Annual Cost…
