Anesthesia Key

Pelvic Fractures Carrie D. Tibbles and Michael Gibbs Pelvic fractures are a common and often life-threatening consequence of major trauma. A pelvic fracture suggests a significant force of injury, mandating…

The Eye Examination Matthew R. Babineau and Leon D. Sanchez Ocular complaints comprise more than 3% of visits to the emergency department (ED) (1). The severity of these complaints vary…

Bradydysrhythmias David Hartman and David T. Overton The cardiac conduction system consists of pacemaker cells, conducting cells, and contractile cells. Pacemaker cell possess the capacity to spontaneously depolarize (termed automaticity)….

Shock Emanuel P. Rivers, David Amponsah, John Gallien, and Anja K. Jaehne More than 1.5 million cases of shock present to United States (US) emergency departments (EDs) each year, and…

Airway Procedures Eric F. Reichman Airway management is one of the most basic, crucial, and important aspects of emergency medicine. Without oxygen, the brain begins to die within minutes. The…

Tachydysrhythmias Scott R. Votey and Eric Silman The axiom that we must treat patients and not electrocardiograms (ECGs) or laboratory results is perhaps nowhere more relevant than in the emergency…

Dental Injuries Kip Benko Complaints pertaining to the teeth are common and patients frequently present to the emergency department (ED) for initial care. Complaints range in scope from simple chipped…

Vertigo Brian Chinnock Vertigo, along with dizziness and other balance disorders, affects up to 70% of people during their lifetime. Vertigo is often categorized into peripheral and central causes. Peripheral…

Pleural Effusion Micelle Haydel The visceral and parietal pleura are serous membranes that line the outer surface of the lung, mediastinum, diaphragm, and the inner surface of the thoracic wall,…

Eye Trauma Kevin J. Knoop and William Dennis Eye trauma accounts for approximately 1% of annual ED visits, with more than 2 million ocular injuries yearly (1). Of these, 60,000…