Preoperative Evaluation

Mar 7, 2020 by in ANESTHESIA Comments Off on Preoperative Evaluation

Key Points ▪ The anesthesia preoperative evaluation, which is the clinical foundation for guiding perioperative patient management, reduces perioperative morbidity and enhances patient outcome. ▪ The fundamental purpose of preoperative…

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Intravenous Anesthetics

Mar 7, 2020 by in ANESTHESIA Comments Off on Intravenous Anesthetics

Key Points ▪ The introduction of thiopental into clinical practice in 1934 marked the beginning of modern intravenous (IV) anesthesia. Today, IV anesthetics are used for induction and maintenance of…

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Pulmonary Pharmacology and Inhaled Anesthetics

Mar 7, 2020 by in ANESTHESIA Comments Off on Pulmonary Pharmacology and Inhaled Anesthetics

Key Points ▪ Inhaled anesthetics affect every part of physiology of the lungs and their pulmonary pharmacology is complex. ▪ Volatile anesthetics produce bronchodilation through decreases in cytoplasmic ionized calcium…

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Inhaled Anesthetics: Mechanisms of Action

Mar 7, 2020 by in ANESTHESIA Comments Off on Inhaled Anesthetics: Mechanisms of Action

Key Points ▪ Anesthesia consists of separable and independent components, each of which involves distinct, but possibly overlapping, mechanisms at different sites in the central nervous system. ▪ The potencies…

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Respiratory Physiology and Pathophysiology

Mar 7, 2020 by in ANESTHESIA Comments Off on Respiratory Physiology and Pathophysiology

Key Points ▪ Removal of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is determined by alveolar ventilation, not by total (minute) ventilation. ▪ Dead space ventilation can be dramatically increased in patients…

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Neuromuscular Physiology and Pharmacology

Mar 7, 2020 by in ANESTHESIA Comments Off on Neuromuscular Physiology and Pharmacology

Key Points ▪ The neuromuscular junction contains the distal nerve terminal, Schwann cell, synaptic cleft, and muscle end plate, which together provide an array of receptors and substrates for drug…

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