Key Points ▪ Organ system maturation, from birth through adolescence, affects physiologic function and therefore anesthetic and surgical management and outcome. ▪ The understanding of congenital heart disease (CHD) and…
Key wordsAdvanced cardiac life support, Cardiac arrest, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Pediatric resuscitation, Post-resuscitation care Key Points ▪ Cardiac arrest is a major public health issue worldwide. Despite significant advances in…
Key Points ▪ At birth the circulation undergoes a fundamental change as blood oxygenation occurs through the lungs rather than the placenta. This transition places some newborns at risk of…
Key Points ▪ The medical literature can be accessed in many ways, ranging from the primary literature as indexed in sources like PubMed, to sources catering to medical professionals, and…
Key Points ▪ Critical care of the nervous system is based on control of cerebral and spinal cord physiology and the prevention of secondary insults. This goal, in turn, depends…
Key Points ▪ Clinical research describes the characteristics and mechanisms of disease and injury in humans and investigates drugs, devices, diagnostic products, and bundles of care with the aim of…
Key Points ▪ Congenital heart disease causes significant alterations in oxygenation, perfusion, and myocardial function after birth, and it can be categorized into hypoxic and normoxic lesions. ▪ The overall…
Key Points ▪ Postoperative cognitive concerns have been voiced by older patients, their families, and caregivers for over a century, and more recently documented with objective testing. ▪ The term…
Key Points ▪ Difficult airways are more frequently encountered in patients undergoing ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgery, especially for cancer. Reviewing the results of a preoperative computed tomography (CT)…
Key Points ▪ Exposure to waste anesthetic gas in clinical practice is unavoidable. In the United States, the limits of exposure to waste gases are set by the National Institute…
