FIGURE 12.1 Illustration depicting the different tendencies of colloid and crystalloid fluids to expand the plasma volume and the interstitial fluid volume. See text for further explanation. Isotonic Saline One of…
FIGURE 32.1 The energy yield from the oxidative metabolism of glucose and lactate, and the actions of selected factors that promote lactic acidosis. PDH = pyruvate dehydrogenase; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase….
ca 500 B.C The appearance of a new fever is always a matter of concern in a hospitalized patient. This chapter presents a practical approach to the ICU patient with…
FIGURE 13.1 Possible causes of acute heart failure, indicated by the anatomic region involved. RV = right ventricle, LV = left ventricle. Progressive Heart Failure The changes in cardiac performance that…
Dosing by Body Weight Aminoglycoside dosing is based on ideal body weight (see Appendix 2 for charts of ideal body weights). For obese patients, dosing should be based on an…
Amino Acid Solutions Protein is provided as amino acid solutions that contain varying mixtures of essential (N=9), semi-essential (N=4), and nonessential (N=10) amino acids. These solutions are mixed with dextrose…
The Carbon Age 2008 One of the rare sights in any ICU is a patient who is NOT receiving supplemental oxygen to breathe. Oxygen is used liberally in ICU patients,…
FIGURE 15.1 Flow diagram for the evaluation of tachycardias. Irregular Rhythm If the R-R intervals are not uniform in length (indicating an irregular rhythm), the most likely arrhythmias are multifocal atrial…
FIGURE 16.1 Illustration showing the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndromes. Rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque leads to activation of platelets and clotting factors (upper panel), and results in the formation of…
FIGURE 28.1 Portable chest x-ray showing proper position of an endotracheal tube, with the tip located midway between the thoracic inlet and the carina. Migration of Tubes Endotracheal tubes can migrate…
