Acid-base imbalance Iron metabolism disorders Phosphorus metabolism disorders Brain diseases, metabolic Lipid metabolism disorders Porphyrias Calcium metabolism disorders Malabsorption syndromes Proteostasis deficiencies DNA repair deficiency disorders Metabolic syndrome X Skin…
Severe Very severe impairment = end-stage respiratory disease Inscription to a list of lung transplantation FEV1 test 30 < FEV1 <49% FEV1 <30% FEV1 <20% 6-MWT <200 m Stable…
Parameter 1 point 2 points 3 points Hepatic encephalopathy (grade) None 1–2 3–4 Ascites Absent Mild Moderate Prothrombin time (s prolonged) <4 4–5 >6 or International normalized ratio <1.7 1.7–2.3…
Fig. 10.1 Prognosis of CKD by GFR and albuminuria category [1] 10.2 Preoperative Management 10.2.1 Evaluation of Comorbidities ESRD is caused by a variety of diseases with diabetes mellitus and…
1st letter 2nd letter 3rd letter 4th letter Shock chamber Antitachycardia pacing chamber Tachycardia detection Antibradycardia acing pacing chamber O: none A: atrium V: ventricle D: dual (A + V) O: none…
Key points • Pulmonary ultrasound allows for rapid diagnosis of pneumothorax, pulmonary edema, pneumonia, and intrathoracic free fluid. • Pulmonary ultrasound is more sensitive and specific than chest radiograph for…
Undifferentiated patients in respiratory distress require immediate attention in the emergency department. Using a thorough history and clinical examination, clinicians can determine the most likely causes of dyspnea. Understanding the…
Patients in respiratory distress often require airway management, including endotracheal intubation. It takes a methodical approach to transition from an unstable patient in distress with an unsecured airway, to a…
Mechanical ventilation has a long and storied history, but until recently the process required little from the emergency physician. In the modern emergency department, critically ill patients spend a longer…
Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) improves oxygenation and ventilation, prevents endotracheal intubation, and decreases the mortality rate in select patients with acute respiratory failure. Although NIV is used commonly for acute exacerbations…
