Nasal bleeding that does not stop with a topical vasoconstrictor and direct pressure applied by the patient (described below in the “Technique” section). PROCEDURES  Cauterization     Anterior source bleeding that can…

 Suspected compartment syndrome  Rising creatine phosphokinase (CPK) level without a source in the setting of trauma CONTRAINDICATIONS  Relative Contraindications     Overlying skin cellulitis     Coagulopathy RISKS/CONSENT ISSUES  Pain (site of needle insertion)…

To evacuate abnormal collections of air or fluid from the pleural space in the following conditions:  Pneumothorax  Hemothorax  Chylothorax  Empyema  Recurrent pleural effusion  Prevention of hydrothorax after cardiothoracic surgery CONTRAINDICATIONS…

A sensitive way to evaluate for intra-abdominal injury in the trauma patient  In Blunt Trauma     Unexplained hypotension     Concern for injury but no obvious indication for laparotomy and serial abdominal examinations…

 To anesthetize portions of the face and ears  Areas of distributions:     Supraorbital and supratrochlear: Forehead     Infraorbital: Upper lip, upper cheek, lateral portion of the nose, and anterior maxillary teeth     Inferior…

 Comatose patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest with restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) INCLUSION CRITERIA  Post–cardiac arrest  ROSC < 30 minutes from the time of EMS arrival  Time < 6 hours…

 Used to provide anesthesia in distribution of median, ulnar, and/or radial nerves for the treatment of complex soft-tissue or bony injuries of the hand     Irrigation of deep abrasions with embedded…

 Indicated only if location of foreign body (FB) is certain  Removal may be done in 30 minutes or less RELATIVE CONTRAINDICATIONS  Involvement of joint—orthopedic consultation may be required  Coagulopathies or…

 To alleviate compartment syndrome in ischemic low-flow (veno-occlusive) priapism  May be caused by:     Trauma (genital, pelvic, perineal)     Thromboembolism (sickle cell disease, leukemia)     Medications (cyclic guanosine monophosphate [cGMP] inhibitors, neuroleptics, erectile-dysfunction…

 Presence of foreign material within the nostril CONTRAINDICATIONS  If the foreign body entered the nose traumatically and there is concern it has penetrated the cranial cavity  If there is danger…