Diagnosis of Myocardial Ischemia
Diagnosis of Myocardial Ischemia Joachim M. Erb Manfred D. Seeberger ANATOMY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE MYOCARDIAL BLOOD SUPPLY Coronary Anatomy The myocardium has its own independent blood supply and drainage…
ANESTHESIA
Two-Dimensional Examination
Two-Dimensional Examination Joseph P. Miller ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IS A CORNERSTONE OF medical imaging and clinical decision making. Echocardiographic technology continues to rapidly improve. Real-time biplane imaging is a reality in most…
Principles and Technology of Two-Dimensional Echocardiography
Principles and Technology of Two-Dimensional Echocardiography Michelle Gorgone Andrew Maslow Albert C. Perrino Jr. INTRODUCTION Two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography generates dynamic images of the heart from reflections of transmitted ultrasound. The…
Airway Management in the Adult
Key Points ▪ One of the fundamental responsibilities of the anesthesiologist is to mitigate the adverse effects of anesthesia on the respiratory system by maintaining airway patency and ensuring adequate…
Respiratory Monitoring
Key wordscapnography, infrared spectroscopy, lung imaging, pulse oximetry, respiratory mechanics Key Points ▪ Intraoperative respiratory monitoring is a fundamental component of the American Society of Anesthesiologists’ standards for basic…
Monitoring the State of the Brain and Central Nervous System During General Anesthesia and Sedation
Key Points ▪ Anesthesiologists rely extensively on physiologic signals and anesthetic dosing strategies to infer and to track states of the brain and central nervous system under general anesthesia. ▪…
Perioperative Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy
Key Points ▪ Intravenous fluid therapy is a core part of perioperative practice, with the potential to influence patient outcomes. ▪ Water makes up approximately 60% of total body weight,…
Perioperative Echocardiography
Key Points ▪ Perioperative applications of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) include monitoring, diagnosis, and procedural guidance. The role of TEE in cardiac surgery, noncardiac surgery, interventional procedures, and critical care continues…
Neurologic Monitoring
Key Points ▪ There are four key principles of intraoperative neurologic monitoring. ▪ The pathway at risk during the surgical procedure must be amenable to monitoring. ▪ The monitor must…
Renal Pathophysiology and Treatment for Perioperative Ischemia and Nephrotoxic Injury
Key Points ▪ The incidence of perioperative acute kidney injury (AKI) (previously referred to as acute renal failure) varies, depending on the definition used. ▪ Although uncommon, AKI requiring dialysis…
