Ventriculoperitoneal Shunts Angelo Mikrogianakis Introduction Hydrocephalus is one of the most common pediatric neurosurgical diseases Treated with mechanical shunting Shunt malfunctions significantly impact the quality of life of patients with…
Seizures and Status Epilepticus Khalid Al-Ansari Introduction Seizures are a common presentation to the emergency department 4-10% of children have at least one seizure during childhood Majority of seizures during…
Altered Level of Consciousness Anna D. Jarvis Introduction Altered states of consciousness may vary from mild impairment to deep unresponsiveness and can signal present or impending life-threatening situations. Definitions Consciousness:…
Adrenal Crisis William Mounstephen Introduction Often presents with nonspecific complaints Requires high index of suspicion Adrenal cortex unable to produce enough glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid in response to stress Table 44.1…
Diabetic Emergencies Amina Lalani Introduction Type 1 diabetes accounts for 5-10% of all diabetes 50% of type 1 DM present in childhood Trend toward lower age at presentation Pancreatic β-cell…
Osteomyelitis and Septic Arthritis Kelly Keogh Andrew Mason Osteomyelitis Osteomyelitis results from hematogenous dissemination of an organism into the metaphysis of a long bone Occasionally direct inoculation into bone from…
Kawasaki Disease Susa Benseler Introduction Kawasaki disease (KD) is an inflammatory syndrome that causes a systemic vasculitis with predilection of the coronary arteries Etiology unclear; however, a wide variety of…
Rheumatologic Emergencies Susa Benseler Introduction Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) Pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (pSLE) Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) Vasculitis Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) Arthritis (inflammation of the…
