Small Bowel Transplantation
FIGURE 74.1 Causes of short bowel syndrome (SBS) leading to intestinal transplantation in children (A) and adults (B). There are no clear definitions of intestinal failure that allow patient status…
The Morbidly Obese Patient in the Critical Care Unit
RESPIRATORY CONSIDERATIONS IN THE MORBIDLY OBESE Morbidly obese patients have significant anatomic and pathophysiologic changes of the pulmonary system. Reduced lung volumes, increased work of breathing, respiratory muscle inefficiency, and…
1 Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections
There has been a correlation of catheter site and risk of infection in the past; however, one study has shown that there is no difference in the risk of CRBSI…
Renal Physiology and Its Systemic Impact
FIGURE 16.1 Nephron, the functional unit of the kidney. Tubuloglomerular feedback: Situations associated with an increased delivery of sodium chloride to the macula densa result in vasoconstrictive response of the…
The Geriatric Patient
More recent studies have yielded varying results (150,151), certainly not confirmatory of a pronounced “predestined” decline in oxygenation with age, and questioning the hypothesis that progressive disruption of the matching…
Anaphylactic Shock
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY The systemic manifestations of anaphylaxis represent sequelae that result from the release of inflammatory mediators by mast cells and basophils, leading to a cascade of mediators, including tryptase, histamine,…
Brain Death and Management of the Potential Organ Donor
FIGURE 119.1 The rostrocaudal progression of ischemia contemporarily known as coning. In concert with the previously described prebrain death physiology associated with severe brain injury, the process of brain death…
Mass Casualty Incidents: Organizational and Triage Management Issues
FIGURE 155.1 National Incident Management System: policy level and operations level. The Planning Section is responsible for the following. Collection, evaluation, dissemination, and use of information about the development of…
Oncologic Emergencies
Treatment The only effective long-term means of reversing malignancy-associated hypercalcemia is reduction in tumor burden (Table 147.2). Antihypercalcemic therapy is a temporizing measure that does not affect survival (5). The…
Pleural Disease in the Intensive Care Unit
The indications for diagnostic thoracentesis are not different in the ICU patient, and receiving mechanical ventilation is not a contraindication. Establishing the diagnosis quickly in critically ill patients may be…
