= cavitary pressure – adjacent intrapericardial pressure Because the intrapericardial pressure is normally negative, this usually adds to the normal transmural pressure gradient (1). The relationship between intrapericardial and pleural…
TABLE 86.2 Predisposing Host Factors to Specific Etiologic Agents of Meningitis Nuchal rigidity can be detected with passive or active flexion of the neck. Tests, such as the Kernig and…
FIGURE 72.1 Graft failure among adult recipients of livers transplanted from deceased donors, 2012. (Adapted from 2012 Annual Report of the U.S. Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network and the Scientific…
FIGURE 57.1 A thorough history and physical examination in the intensive care unit including imaging, termed the tertiary survey, can be documented on a standardized form to facilitate communication among…
FIGURE 85.1 Pressure points in supine position. FIGURE 85.2 Pressure points in sitting position. Most (66%) patients with pressure ulcers are older than 70 years old, with a prevalence rate…
FIGURE 87.1 Anatomic depiction of the external, middle, and inner ear. Necrotizing Otitis Externa Malignant or necrotizing otitis externa (MOE) is an aggressive infection that begins as otitis externa but…
where Q is the net fluid flux (mL/min), (Pc − Pt) is hydrostatic pressure difference between capillary (c) and interstitium (i), and (πc − πi) is the oncotic pressure difference…
FIGURE 148.1 Schematic representation of the interrelationship of the absorption, distribution, binding, metabolism, and excretion of a drug and its concentration at its locus of action. Possible distribution and binding…
In the general adult population, the causes of disruptions of arterial flow can be separated into three major categories based on cause: large vessel atherothrombotic disease (small vessel (lacunar) infarction,…
FIGURE 96.1 Example of standard 7.5-French 40-mL intra-aortic balloon pulsation. It is also important to select the appropriate-sized balloon pump for the patient. Balloon pumps are manufactured in various sizes,…
