45 The Liver: Surgery and Anesthesia
The liver is the largest internal organ, accounting for 2% of the total body mass of adults. It receives 25% of the cardiac output via a dual afferent blood supply….
55 Critical Care Medicine
Simple and inexpensive interventions in the ICU, such as the utilization of checklists and strict attention to aseptic technique during central venous catheterization, can result in substantial improvements in patient…
30 Ambulatory Anesthesia
Procedures appropriate for ambulatory surgery are those associated with postoperative care that is easily managed at home and with low rates of postoperative complications that require intensive physician or nursing…
41 Neonatal Anesthesia
Understanding the physiologic changes that occur during the transition from fetal to neonatal life is crucial to the anesthetic management of the neonate. The circulatory, pulmonary, hepatic, and renal systems…
48 Anesthesia for Ophthalmologic Surgery
Although apprehension is predictable in potentially blind patients awaiting surgery, this problem is often exacerbated in the elderly, whose coping mechanisms may be diminished by depression or dementia. With intraocular…
18 Intravenous Anesthetics
Low doses of IV anesthetics produce sedation, and high doses produce hypnosis (or unconsciousness) All IV anesthetics are sedative–hypnotics and produce dose-dependent central nervous system (CNS) depression. Dexmedetomidine is an…
31 Office-Based Anesthesia
An office-based anesthetic is defined as an anesthetic that is performed in an outpatient venue such as an office or procedure room that is not accredited as either an ambulatory…
42 Pediatric Anesthesia
The airway in neonates and infants presents unique features that require a clear understanding of the anatomy and physiology of airway structures. Laryngospasm and airway obstruction increase perioperative morbidity and…
20 Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
Neuromuscular blocking agents are used to improve conditions for tracheal intubation, to provide immobility during surgery, and to facilitate mechanical ventilation. Anticholinesterases inhibit breakdown of acetylcholine and help restore neuromuscular…
34 Epidural and Spinal Anesthesia
Clinicians must develop a three-dimensional mental picture of the spinal anatomy so that when they contact bony structures during attempted epidural or spinal needle placement, they can redirect the needle…
