Valvular heart disease
20% normally). LVEDP is often elevated, causing symptoms of pulmonary congestion despite normal LV contractility. LVEDP values that are normal may, in fact, represent a patient who is hypovolemic. Diagnosis…
Spinal cord injury
L Spinal cord injury Definition The spinal cord is vulnerable to trauma, compression by intradural or extradural tumors, and vascular injuries. Incidence and prevalence Approximately 11,000 persons each year sustain…
Parkinson’s disease
J Parkinson’s disease Definition Parkinsonism is a clinical syndrome that consists of four cardinal signs: tremor, rigidity, akinesia, and postural disturbances (TRAP). Parkinson’s disease is a common cause of TRAP…
Neuropathy and myopathy
I Neuropathy and myopathy Definition Neuropathy is a general term indicating nerve disorders of any kind. Myopathy is defined as any disorder with structural changes or functional impairment of muscle….
Multiple sclerosis
H Multiple sclerosis Definition Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating acquired disease of the CNS characterized by random and multiple sites of demyelination of the corticospinal tract neurons in the…
Mental disorders
G Mental disorders Mental depression Definition Mental depression is a psychiatric disorder distinguished from normal sadness and grief by severity and duration of the mood disturbances and by the presence…
Intracranial hypertension
F Intracranial hypertension Definition and etiology Intracranial hypertension occurs with a sustained increase in ICP above 15 to 20 mmHg. Intracranial hypertension develops with expanding tissue or fluid mass, interference…
Hydrocephalus
E Hydrocephalus Definition Hydrocephalus is an abnormal accumulation of CSF resulting either from an excessive production or from decreased absorption that leads to an increase in pressure in the ventricles…
