Peripheral vascular disease
G Peripheral vascular disease Definition Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is an inflammatory disease of the peripheral vasculature. As the lumen of the vessel decreases in diameter, increases in resistance to…
Pericardial disease
F Pericardial disease This section focuses on the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and anesthetic implications of three primary pericardial disease processes: acute pericarditis, constrictive pericarditis, and cardiac tamponade. The pericardium surrounds…
Coronary artery disease
B Coronary artery disease Definition Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a complex disease state that involves narrowing of the coronary arteries. Incidence Coronary heart disease caused about one of every…
Cardiomyopathy
A Cardiomyopathy Definition Cardiomyopathies are diseases of the myocardium that are characterized by myocardial dysfunction. They ultimately affect contractile function, and life-threatening congestive heart failure (CHF) is common to all…
Hypertension
DBP, Diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure;. From U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on…
Heart failure
↓, Decreased; ↑, increased; →, therefore; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; LVEDP, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; MvO2, myocardial venous oxygen; N, nitroglycerin; SNP, sodium nitroprusside; SR, sinus rhythm
Myocardial infarction
E Myocardial infarction Definition Myocardial infarction or myocardial cell death occurs when a portion of heart muscle is deprived of its blood supply as a result of blockage, acute thrombosis,…
35 Peripheral Nerve Blockade
Peripheral nerve blocks provide effective anesthesia and analgesia in a site-specific manner with the potential for long-lasting effects. Accurate identification of target nerves and precise and adequate placement of local…
26 Echocardiography
Understanding the principles of ultrasound and echocardiographic instrumentation is essential in optimizing image quality. Performing a comprehensive echocardiographic examination ensures that important pathologies are recognized. Two-dimensional and Doppler techniques have…
24 The Anesthesia Workstation and Delivery Systems for Inhaled Anesthetics
The most important (but often overlooked) item in the pre-use checkout of the anesthesia workstation is to have immediately available, a functioning self-inflating resuscitation bag and a full auxiliary tank…
