Toxicological • Chronic ethanol abuse• Toxic alcohols• Azathioprine• Mercaptopurine• Valproic acid• Didanosine• Corticosteroids• Sulfa drugs• Scorpion venom Obstructive • Gallstones• Pancreatic tumors• External compression• Pancreatic divisum• Parasites: clonorchiasis, ascariasis Trauma…
a Glucose: 1 mg/dL = 0.0555 mmol/L. Critical management Antibiotic treatment should not be delayed for CT scan or until lumbar puncture results are available. Empiric antibiotics are based on…
Figure 12.1. (a) Young–Burgess lateral compression (LC) pelvic fracture classifications; (b) computed tomography (CT) of LCI fracture pattern; (c) radiograph of LCI fracture pattern. (Reprinted with permission from Hammel J….
History Common causative organism Native valve Streptococcus viridans, Staphylococcus aureus Prosthetic valve Staphylococcus epidermidis IVDA Staphylococcus aureus Presentation Classic presentation Presentation is nonspecific and variable, but the most common symptoms…
Common causes Possible causes Pulmonary infectionFat embolismRib infarction ThromboembolismIn situ thrombosisLung sequestrationIatrogenic (excessive hydration, excessive narcotic use) Splenic sequestration Splenic sequestration, or intrasplenic trapping of RBCs, is a major cause…
High risk Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Burkitt lymphoma Lymphoblastic lymphoma B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) ALL with white blood cell count (WBC) >100 000/microliter Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) with white blood cell…
Direct injuries to lungs Indirect injuries Pneumonia Sepsis Aspiration• Gastric contents• Near-drowning• Hydrocarbons/solvents Severe trauma• Multiple fractures• Head injury• Burns Smoke or toxic gas inhalation Pancreatitis Pulmonary contusion Multiple blood…
Type Etiology Mechanical A physical barrier exists that blocks normal intestinal flow Closed-loop Two sequential sites of obstruction block a portion of bowel, usually through a hernia or adhesive band…
Ten-step guide Tips/examples Establish a proper setting Quiet, appropriate parties invited, pagers turned off. Introductions “Can you tell me something about your mom?” Assess patient/family understanding “What have the doctors…
