Viral • Hepatitis –A, B, D, E• Herpes simplex virus• Cytomegalovirus• Epstein–Barr virus• Herpes varicella zoster• Adenovirus Drugs and toxins • Acetaminophen• Carbon tetrachloride• Sulfonamides• Tetracycline• Isoniazid• NSAIDs• Rifampicin• Valproic…
Systolic dysfunction Diastolic dysfunction Impaired contractility Structural abnormality Myocardial infarctionDilated cardiomyopathy, including peripartum cardiomyopathyMyocarditisAlcohol abusePapillary muscle rupture Ventricular hypertrophy (often related to hypertension)Hypertrophic or constrictive cardiomyopathyConstrictive pericarditisInfiltrative disease such as…
Sick sinus syndrome Infiltrative diseases (e.g., sarcoidosis) Collagen vascular diseases (e.g., scleroderma) Atrioventricular conduction block Acute or chronic ischemic heart disease Increased vagal tone (e.g., Valsalva maneuver) Drugs (e.g., digoxin,…
Arterial supply Target organs Celiac Esophagus, stomach, proximal duodenum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen Superior mesenteric artery Distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon to the splenic flexure Inferior mesenteric artery Descending…
Toxicological • Chronic ethanol abuse• Toxic alcohols• Azathioprine• Mercaptopurine• Valproic acid• Didanosine• Corticosteroids• Sulfa drugs• Scorpion venom Obstructive • Gallstones• Pancreatic tumors• External compression• Pancreatic divisum• Parasites: clonorchiasis, ascariasis Trauma…
a Glucose: 1 mg/dL = 0.0555 mmol/L. Critical management Antibiotic treatment should not be delayed for CT scan or until lumbar puncture results are available. Empiric antibiotics are based on…
Figure 12.1. (a) Young–Burgess lateral compression (LC) pelvic fracture classifications; (b) computed tomography (CT) of LCI fracture pattern; (c) radiograph of LCI fracture pattern. (Reprinted with permission from Hammel J….
History Common causative organism Native valve Streptococcus viridans, Staphylococcus aureus Prosthetic valve Staphylococcus epidermidis IVDA Staphylococcus aureus Presentation Classic presentation Presentation is nonspecific and variable, but the most common symptoms…
Common causes Possible causes Pulmonary infectionFat embolismRib infarction ThromboembolismIn situ thrombosisLung sequestrationIatrogenic (excessive hydration, excessive narcotic use) Splenic sequestration Splenic sequestration, or intrasplenic trapping of RBCs, is a major cause…
High risk Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Burkitt lymphoma Lymphoblastic lymphoma B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) ALL with white blood cell count (WBC) >100 000/microliter Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) with white blood cell…
