Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Direct injuries to lungs Indirect injuries Pneumonia Sepsis Aspiration• Gastric contents• Near-drowning• Hydrocarbons/solvents Severe trauma• Multiple fractures• Head injury• Burns Smoke or toxic gas inhalation Pancreatitis Pulmonary contusion Multiple blood…
Small bowel obstruction
Type Etiology Mechanical A physical barrier exists that blocks normal intestinal flow Closed-loop Two sequential sites of obstruction block a portion of bowel, usually through a hernia or adhesive band…
Care of the dying patient
Ten-step guide Tips/examples Establish a proper setting Quiet, appropriate parties invited, pagers turned off. Introductions “Can you tell me something about your mom?” Assess patient/family understanding “What have the doctors…
Hypothermia
Figure 65.1. ECG of a patient with hypothermia and Osborn waves. Diagnosis and evaluation Confirm hypothermia with rectal thermometer, indwelling Foley with temperature sensor, or other means of core temperature…
Tachyarrhythmias
0.12 seconds. A wide complex rhythm suggests an aberrancy in the normal conduction system and is usually the result of one of the following: A preexisting or rate-related abnormality within…
Anaphylaxis
Foods: nuts, shellfish, eggs, cow’s milk, soy, wheat Antibiotics: penicillin, cephalosporins, sulfonamides, nitrofurantoin, tetracycline Other therapeutics: methylparaben, rabies vaccine, egg-based vaccines Insect stings Latex Heterologous and human sera Local anesthetics…
Pheochromocytoma
Cardiovascular Hypertensive crisisAnginaMyocardial infarctionArrhythmiaMyocarditisCardiomyopathyHeart failureCardiogenic shockPeripheral ischemia Neurological Cerebrovascular accidentsEncephalopathyGeneralized seizures Pulmonary Pulmonary edemaAcute respiratory distress syndrome Renal Acute renal failure Abdominal Hemorrhage into the tumorParalytic ileusIntestinal ischemiaColon perforation Diagnosis…
Adrenal crisis
Chronic steroid use HIV/AIDS Tuberculosis Autoimmune adrenalitis Congenital (congenital adrenal hyperplasia, adrenoleukodystrophy) Infiltrative (sarcoidosis, hemochromatosis, amyloidosis) Cancer Surgery/irradiation Hepatic failure Pancreatitis Table 61.2. Etiologies of acute adrenal insufficiency Drugs (steroids,…
Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state
Sepsis Urinary tract infection Pneumonia Myocardial infarction Stroke Gastrointestinal bleeding Medication noncompliance Newly diagnosed diabetes Presentation Classic presentation Classic symptoms of hyperglycemia including polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, dizziness, and weakness. Abdominal…
