1 Contusion or nonexpanding subcapsular hematoma. No laceration 2 Nonexpanding perirenal hematoma, cortical laceration < 1 cm deep w/o extravasation 3 Cortical laceration > 1 cm w/o urinary extravasation 4 Laceration: through…
Fig. 19.1 Open fracture of the right lower limb following a motorcycle accident showing extensive loss of soft tissue injury, periosteal stripping an major wound contamination (Type IIIb following the…
Fig. 22.1 This 28-year-old male was involved in a high-speed motorcycle crash and sustained significant forefoot and midfoot trauma. The heel pad was severely damaged in this case which happens…
Fig. 23.1 (a) Gunshot fracture to a 25-year-old counter-terrorist fighter, caused by an AK-47. (b) Three months following irrigation, debridement, and fixation with a proximal femoral nail (Synthes, Battlach, Switzerland)…
Fig. 27.1 External fixator used as temporizing device awaiting soft tissue resolution in this multiply injured with severe midfoot fracture/dislocation. (a) Mid foot fracture/dislocation in multiply injured patient. (b, c)…
1. Early diagnosis and differentiation of necrotizing vs. non-necrotizing SSTI 2. Early initiation of appropriate empiric broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy with anti-MRSA coverage and consideration of risk factors for specific pathogens…
Injury severity score <25 GCS <9 Systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg Pulse >90/min Increased transfusion requirement Increased volume replacement Associated injuries (AIS >3) Head Chest Abdomen Spine Comorbidities Haematological disease…
Fig. 24.1 (a) Thoracic spine burst fracture of T6 with corpectomy and stabilization of body with titanium mesh gauge and small fragment plate. Spinal cord is exposed. (b) PLA membrane…
Closed fracture G0: No injury or very minor soft tissue injury. The G0 classification covers simple fractures, i.e., fractures caused by indirect injury mechanisms Closed fracture G1: Inside-out contusions caused…
Conditions Change during pregnancy Normal pregnancy values Cardiovascular Heart rate Increases 15–20 bpm 75–95 bpm Cardiac output Increases 30–50 % 6–8 l/min Mean arterial blood pressure Decreases 10 mmHg in…
