Ultrasound: Abnormal Placenta
Fig. 43.1 Abnormal placental implantation (Reproduced with permissions from Elsevier [1]) Fig. 43.2 Normal pregnancy ultrasound image 1. What is concerning regarding the ultrasound image in Figs. 43.1 and 43.2?…
Machine: Schematic
Fig. 83.1 Schematic diagram of an anesthesia machine 1. what is section A and what are its components? 2. What are the safety systems in the high-pressure system, and…
Line Isolation Monitor
Fig. 82.1 1. What does the image show? Describe its function. 2. What are leakage currents? 3. What are line isolation monitors (LIM)? 4. List the locations…
Cardiac Bypass Machines
Fig. 81.1 Schematic diagram of Cardio pulmonary bypass machine 2. Components [1]: (a) Venous reservoir (b) Membrane oxygenator bundle (c) Venous and arterial blood line/cannula (d) Arterial…
Anesthesia Circuits
Fig. 79.1 Breathing systems Breathing System Questions 1. Identify the breathing systems labeled above as 1–5. 2. By what names are Mapleson systems also known as? 3. Name…
Blood Gas II
PAO2—partial pressure of alveolar O2 FiO2—fraction of inspired O2 Patm—atmospheric pressure —partial pressure of water vapor PaCO2—partial pressure CO2 in arterial blood R—respiratory exchange ratio, usually 0.8 Alveolar–arterial…
Autoregulation Curves
Fig. 78.1 1. What does the above graph (Fig. 78.1) depict? 2. Define cerebral perfusion pressure, and how is it derived? 3. How is cerebral autoregulation achieved during…
West’s Zones
Fig. 76.1 1. What does the above image depict, and what are the pressure profiles in the zones? 2. Describe the factors that affect pulmonary vascular resistance [1]. …
Frank-Starling Curve
Fig. 75.1 Depicted above is a family of cardiac function curves representing a ventricle under various conditions. Point A represents baseline cardiac function with normal preload; points A1 and A2…
