Cardiac Bypass Machines
Fig. 81.1 Schematic diagram of Cardio pulmonary bypass machine 2. Components [1]: (a) Venous reservoir (b) Membrane oxygenator bundle (c) Venous and arterial blood line/cannula (d) Arterial…
Anesthesia Circuits
Fig. 79.1 Breathing systems Breathing System Questions 1. Identify the breathing systems labeled above as 1–5. 2. By what names are Mapleson systems also known as? 3. Name…
Blood Gas II
PAO2—partial pressure of alveolar O2 FiO2—fraction of inspired O2 Patm—atmospheric pressure —partial pressure of water vapor PaCO2—partial pressure CO2 in arterial blood R—respiratory exchange ratio, usually 0.8 Alveolar–arterial…
Autoregulation Curves
Fig. 78.1 1. What does the above graph (Fig. 78.1) depict? 2. Define cerebral perfusion pressure, and how is it derived? 3. How is cerebral autoregulation achieved during…
West’s Zones
Fig. 76.1 1. What does the above image depict, and what are the pressure profiles in the zones? 2. Describe the factors that affect pulmonary vascular resistance [1]. …
Frank-Starling Curve
Fig. 75.1 Depicted above is a family of cardiac function curves representing a ventricle under various conditions. Point A represents baseline cardiac function with normal preload; points A1 and A2…
CIED: Interrogation
Fig. 72.1 You are contacted about a 61-year-old female patient who is starting a course of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for depression the following day. She has been a nursing home…
Urine Testing
By definition, FENa is the ratio between the quantity of Na excreted in the urine relative to the amount filtered at the glomerulus. Measuring urine sodium concentration alone is not…
Abdominal X-Ray
Fig. 61.1 X-ray of an appropriately placed feeding tube Questions 1. What are the indications for a feeding tube placement? 2. Name some methods available to confirm appropriate placement…
Ultrasound I
Fig. 58.1 Ultrasound image of the brachial plexus in the supraclavicular location, a needle is seen injecting a pool of local anesthetic A 50 kg patient receives a supraclavicular peripheral…
