The Patient with End-Stage Liver Disease
Parameter 1 point 2 points 3 points Hepatic encephalopathy (grade) None 1–2 3–4 Ascites Absent Mild Moderate Prothrombin time (s prolonged) <4 4–5 >6 or International normalized ratio <1.7 1.7–2.3…
Anesthesia for End-Stage Respiratory Disease
Severe Very severe impairment = end-stage respiratory disease Inscription to a list of lung transplantation FEV1 test 30 < FEV1 <49% FEV1 <30% FEV1 <20% 6-MWT <200 m Stable…
Perioperative Management of the Patient with an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator
1st letter 2nd letter 3rd letter 4th letter Shock chamber Antitachycardia pacing chamber Tachycardia detection Antibradycardia acing pacing chamber O: none A: atrium V: ventricle D: dual (A + V) O: none…
The Patient with End-Stage Renal Disease
Fig. 10.1 Prognosis of CKD by GFR and albuminuria category [1] 10.2 Preoperative Management 10.2.1 Evaluation of Comorbidities ESRD is caused by a variety of diseases with diabetes mellitus and…
Transabdominal Preperitoneal Patch (TAPP)
Fig. 11.1 Left indirect inguinal hernia Fig. 11.2 Left direct inguinal hernia Fig. 11.3 Mixed hernia (pantaloon) on the right side 11.3.2 11.3.2 Dissection The preperitoneal space is entered through…
Robotic Transabdominal Preperitoneal Inguinal Hernia Repair
Fig. 13.1 Adoption of robotic inguinal hernia repair (courtesy of Intuitive Surgical Inc.) Fig. 13.2 Adoption of robotic ventral hernia repair (courtesy of Intuitive Surgical Inc.) Surgeons who regularly offer…
Minimal Open Preperitoneal (MOPP) Technique
Fig. 10.1 Specific retractor Fig. 10.2 MOPP incision 10.2 10.2 Prosthesis and Instrumentation The prosthesis is selected according to the need to be unrolled in the preperitoneal space, through a…
Total Open Preperitoneal (TOP) Technique (modified Wantz)
Type Localization Features Technique R1 Near the internal inguinal ring First recurrence, reducible, thin patient, wall defect <2 cm Gilbert with plug repair R2 Above the pubic tubercle First recurrence,…
Total Extraperitoneal (TEP) Approach in Inguinal Hernia Repair: the Old and the New
Fig. 12.1 Operating room set-up 12.7 12.7 Surgical Technique 12.7.1 12.7.1 Entering and creating the Preperitoneal Space There are few techniques to enter and create the preperitoneal space. A 10-mm…
Treatment Cost Reimbursement from the Healthcare Systems
BISMARCK MODEL Almost universal healthcare system based on mandatory social insurances. There are several funding sources such as social contributions and taxes to cover healthcare services/ treatments. To leave the…
