Intradiscal Electrothermal Therapy
CHAPTER 35 Intradiscal Electrothermal Therapy Jason E. Pope and Nagy Mekhail INTRODUCTION Discogenic pain has been implicated as the etiology of low back pain in approximately 45% of patients with…
Percutaneous Radiofrequency Discectomy With Disk IT
CHAPTER 34 Percutaneous Radiofrequency Discectomy With Disk IT Samyadev Datta and Vikram B. Patel INTRODUCTION The low back pain remains a major burden for patients and health care providers. In…
Endoscopic Discectomy
CHAPTER 37 Endoscopic Discectomy Sudhir Diwan, Kiran Patel, Kenneth Chapman, and Vikram B. Patel INTRODUCTION Endoscopic discectomy is a minimally invasive treatment for disc herniation, protrusion, or extrusion. The goal…
Thoracic (T2-3) Ganglion Block
CHAPTER 43 Thoracic (T2-3) Ganglion Block Michael Stanton-Hicks INTRODUCTION The functional separation of the vagi (vagal nerves) and sympathetic trunks can be attributed to Estienne (1544),1 but it was Winslow…
Intercostal Nerve Block
CHAPTER 57 Intercostal Nerve Block Amitabh Gulati INTRODUCTION The intercostal nerve block was first described in 1907 by Heinrich Braun1 to treat acute and chronic pain of the posterior and…
Sacroiliac Joint Injections
CHAPTER 26 Sacroiliac Joint Injections Sheetal Kerkar Patil, Honorio T. Benzon, and Sudhir Diwan OVERVIEW The sacroiliac joint (SIJ) is the largest axial joint in the body with an abundance…
Viscosupplements and Steroid Injections
CHAPTER 51 Viscosupplements and Steroid Injections Jennifer Solomon and Vijay Vad INTRODUCTION Steroids and viscosupplements (VS) are two commonly injected substances used to provide mobility of and relief to osteoarthritic…
Percutaneous Sacroplasty
CHAPTER 29 Percutaneous Sacroplasty Harold Cordner and Michael E. Frey INTRODUCTION Sacral insufficiency fractures are a common, but often underdiagnosed source of low back pain in the elderly osteoporotic patient….
Cervical Nerve Root Blocks
CHAPTER 16 Cervical Nerve Root Blocks Stanley Golovac INTRODUCTION The use of cervical root blocks can be used both diagnostically and/or therapeutically. In certain conditions, a nerve root block can…
Occipital Nerve Stimulation
CHAPTER 74 Occipital Nerve Stimulation Erich O. Richter, Marina V. Abramova, and Kenneth M. Alo INTRODUCTION Occipital neuralgia (ON) is a neurological disorder that commonly involves the greater occipital and…
