Fetal and newborn physiology
Figure 24.1 Fetal circulation The mixed IVC blood, with a saturation of 65%, enters the right atrium, but only one-third passes into the right ventricle. The majority is directed through…
The surgical insult
FatCementAirMethylmethacrylate absorptionPressurisation of femoral cavityHeat from cement reaction within femoral cavity Anaesthesia for total knee arthroplasty is broadly similar but does not show the same picture of cement reaction unless…
Popliteal Sciatic Block
Popliteal Sciatic Block FIGURE 20.1-1. (A) Needle insertion for the popliteal intertendinous approach. (B) Needle insertion for lateral approach to popliteal block. PART 1: INTERTENDINOUS APPROACH General Considerations The popliteal…
Sciatic Block
Sciatic Block FIGURE 19.1-1. (A) Needle insertion for the transgluteal (posterior) approach to sciatic nerve block. (B) Needle insertion for anterior sciatic block. PART 1: TRANSGLUTEAL APPROACH General Considerations The…
Ankle Block
FIGURE 22-1. Needle insertion for saphenous nerve block of the ankle. General Considerations An ankle block is essentially a block of four terminal branches of the sciatic nerve (deep and…
Ultrasound-Guided Ankle Block
Ultrasound-Guided Ankle Block FIGURE 41-1. Block of the posterior tibial nerve using an out-of-plane technique. General Considerations Using an ultrasound-guided technique affords a practitioner the ability to reduce the volume…
Common Ultrasound-Guided Truncal and Cutaneous Blocks
Common Ultrasound-Guided Truncal and Cutaneous Blocks FIGURE 42.1-1. (A) Transducer position and needle insertion to accomplish a transverse abdominal plane block. (B) Transducer position and needle insertion to accomplish iliohypogastric…
Spinal Sonography and Considerations for Ultrasound-Guided Central Neuraxial Blockade
Spinal Sonography and Considerations for Ultrasound-Guided Central Neuraxial Blockade Wing Hong Kwok and Manoj Karmakar Introduction Ultrasound scanning (US) can offer several advantages when used to guide placement of the…
