Anesthesia Key

Figure 11.1. Sympathetic nervous system pathways. Sympathetic preganglionic cell bodies reside in the intermediolateral gray matter of the spinal cord (T1-L2) and receive input from neurons descending from the brainstem…

Figure 14.1. Suprascapular nerve block. The spine of the scapula is marked and the midpoint identified by the intersection of the line from the tip of the scapula. The notch…

C. Drugs. In children, most local anesthetics should be dosed in milliliter per kilogram to avoid toxicity associated with larger volumes used in adult blocks. 1. Bupivacaine. A dose of…

Figure 17.1. Nasal airway anesthesia. Cotton pledgets soaked with anesthetic are inserted along the inferior and middle turbinates to produce anesthesia of the underlying sphenopalatine ganglion by transmembrane diffusion of…

Figure 22.1. Extent and duration of subarachnoid anesthesia with 40 mg lidocaine or 2-chloroprocaine in volunteers. (Adapted from Kouri ME, Kopacz DJ. Spinal 2-chloroprocaine: a comparison with lidocaine in volunteers….

Figure 18.1. Cutaneous innervation of the head and face. The posterior half of the head is innervated by branches from the dorsal rami of the C2 spinal nerves. The face…

Figure 19.1. Anatomy of deep cervical plexus block. The transverse processes lie under the lateral border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, each with a distal trough or sulcus that defines the…

Figure 9.1. Landmarks for intercostal block. The inferior borders of the ribs are identified at their most prominent point on the back. The marks usually lie along a line that…

Figure 5.1. The three-ring (“control”) syringe. This adaptation to the plunger of a standard 10-mL syringe allows greater control of injection, easier aspiration, and the opportunity to refill the syringe…

Figure 10.1. Relationship between the spinous processes, transverse processes, and spinal nerves in the lumbar and thoracic spine. The lumbar spinal nerves course caudad to the transverse process of the…