Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
A. Airway Management. The techniques used for airway maintenance during anesthesia are also applicable to cardiac arrest victims (Table 58-2). 1. Foreign body airway obstruction must be considered in any…
Autonomic Nervous System: Physiology and Pharmacology
3. Whereas activation of the SNS produces a diffuse physiologic response (mass reflex), activation of the PNS produces more discrete responses. For example, vagal stimulation may produce bradycardia with no…
Local Anesthetics
2. Application of local anesthetics typically produces a concentration-dependent decrease in the peak sodium current. D. Mechanism of Nerve Blockade 1. Local anesthetics block peripheral nerves by disrupting the transmission…
Airway Management
TABLE 27-5 TECHNIQUES OF COMMON AIRWAY INDEXES MEASUREMENT Thyromental distance: Measured along a straight line from tip of mentum to thyroid notch in neck-extended position Mouth opening: Interincisor distance (or…
Respiratory Function in Anesthesia
d. In adults, the right mainstem bronchus leaves the trachea at approximately 25 degrees from the vertical tracheal axis; the angle of the left mainstem bronchus is approximately 45 degrees….
Neonatal Anesthesia
3. Tidal volume is about the same in neonates as in children and adults on a volume per kilogram body weight measure, but the respiratory rate is increased in neonates…
Endocrine Function
TABLE 46-1 EFFECTS OF TRIIODOTHYRONINE ON RECEPTOR CONCENTRATIONS Increased number of β-receptorsDecreased number of cardiac cholinergic receptors TABLE 46-2 TESTS OF THYROID FUNCTION 2. Anesthesia for thyroid surgery (subtotal thyroidectomy)…
Pediatric Anesthesia
2. Systemic vascular tone is low in children up to 8 years of age, as evidenced by the lack of a change in blood pressure when caudal or epidural blocks…
Transplant Anesthesia
GFR = glomerular filtration rate. V. CORNEAL TRANSPLANTATION A. Corneas are the most common organs transplanted in the United States being performed under local anesthesia (often with intravenous sedation) or…
Anesthesia for Orthopedic Surgery
d. Minimally invasive surgery techniques have not been shown to be justified by superior clinical benefits. 2. Anesthetic Management. General anesthesia is preferred for essentially all thoracic and lumbar spine…
